Three-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying certain nullity conditions (Q2340797): Difference between revisions

The author investigates 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying special types of nullity conditions depending on two smooth functions \(\kappa\) and \(\mu\). An almost contact metric manifold \((M^{2n+1},\phi,\xi,\eta,g)\) is an almost Kenmotsu manifold if \(d\eta=0\) and \(d\Phi=2\eta\wedge \Phi\), where \(\Phi\) is the fundamental 2-form associated with the structure, \(\Phi(X,Y):=g(X,\phi Y)\). An almost Kenmotsu manifold is a Kenmotsu manifold if \([\phi,\phi]=0\). An almost contact metric manifold is called a generalized \((\kappa,\mu)\)-manifold, resp. generalized \((\kappa,\mu)'\)-manifold, if the Riemannian curvature satisfies \[ R(X,Y)\xi=\kappa(\eta(Y)X-\eta(X)Y)+\mu(\eta(Y)hX-\eta(X)hY), \] \[ \text{resp. } R(X,Y)\xi=\kappa(\eta(Y)X-\eta(X)Y)+\mu(\eta(Y)h'X-\eta(X)h'Y), \] where \(\kappa\) and \(\mu\) are smooth functions on \(M\), \(h:=\frac{1}{2}\,\mathcal{L}_\xi\phi\) and \(h':=h\circ \phi\). After proving some interesting properties of almost Kenmotsu manifolds and almost Kenmotsu 3-manifolds, the author investigates 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu generalized \((\kappa,\mu)\)-manifolds with \(\kappa\) such that \(d\kappa\wedge\eta=0\). For such manifolds two typical situations arise: either \(\kappa=-1\) identically on \(M\), in which case \(M\) is Kenmotsu and locally a warped product of a Kähler manifold and an open interval, or \(\kappa<-1\) identically on \(M\). A complete classification of such manifolds are established and models in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) are constructed. The author presents also a local description of 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu generalized \((\kappa,\mu)'\)-manifolds with \(\kappa\) such that \(d\kappa\wedge\eta=0\) and builds local models. He finally gives another explicit local description of 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu generalized \((\kappa,\mu)\)- and \((\kappa,\mu)'\)-manifolds with \(d\kappa\wedge\eta=0\) using Darboux-like coordinates: providing characterizations and explicit local models for the two classes considered.