Hypercyclic subspaces on Fréchet spaces without continuous norm (Q2442621): Difference between revisions

A sequence \((T_k)_k\) of continuous linear operators from an infinite-dimensional Fréchet space \(X\) into a separable Fréchet space \(Y\) is said to possess a hypercyclic subspace \(M\) if \(M\) is a closed infinite-dimensional subspace of \(X\) in which every vector except the origin is hypercyclic, i.e., the orbit \((T_k(x))_k\) is dense in \(Y\). Several authors, such as Bernal-González, Montes, Bès, Conejero, Chan, González, León-Saavedra, Shkarin, Martínez-Giménez, Peris and the reviewer, among others, have investigated the existence of hypercyclic subspaces for iterates of operators between Banach spaces, between Fréchet spaces with a continuous norm, and on the space of all scalar sequences. The interesting paper under review investigates the existence of two types of hypercyclic subspaces \(M\): those for which there is a continuous seminorm \(p\) on \(X\) such that \(M \cap \operatorname {Ker}(p) = \{0\}\) (type 1) and those that do not satisfy this condition (type 2). The author first proves the existence of certain basic sequences on a Fréchet space which admits a continuous seminorm whose kernel is not of finite codimension; a technical result of independent interest. He improves known criteria for the existence of hypercyclic subspaces (of type 1), and applies them to differential operators on the Fréchet space of \(C^\infty\) functions on the real line and to the existence of the so-called restricted universal series. Solving an open problem by \textit{J. Bès} and \textit{J. A. Conejero} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 316, No.~1, 16--23 (2006; Zbl 1094.47011)], the author proves that every separable infinite-dimensional Fréchet space supports a mixing operator with a hypercyclic subspace. Sufficient criteria for having a hypercyclic subspace of type 2 and for having no hypercyclic subspace of type 2 are presented. These criteria are applied to several examples of hypercyclic operators on Fréchet spaces. Frequently hypercyclic subspaces of unilateral weighted shifts on Köthe echelon spaces without a continuous norm are investigated in the last sections. These results complement recent work by the author [Adv. Math. 255, 305--337 (2014; Zbl 1322.47016)].