The necessary and sufficient conditions for Lipschitz local homeomorphism (Q1192410): Difference between revisions

Let \(U\) be an open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^ n\) and \(f:U\to\mathbb{R}^ n\) a map. Let \(C^{1-}\) be the class of locally Lipschitz maps. If \(f:U\to f(U)=V\) is a homeomorphism, \(f\in C^{1-}\) and its inverse \(f^{-1}\in C^{1- }\), then we say that \(f\) is a \(C^{1-}\) homeomorphism on \(U\). Let \(x_ 0\in U\). If there exists a neighborhood \(\Omega\subset U\) of \(x_ 0\) such that \(f\) is a \(C^{1-}\) homeomorphism on \(\Omega\), then we say that \(f\) is a \(C^{1-}\) local homeomorphism at \(x_ 0\). If \(\Omega\) is such that \(\overline\Omega\subset U\) and \(f(x)\neq f(x_ 0)\) for all \(x\in\overline\Omega\backslash\{x_ 0\}\), then the index of \(f\) at \(x_ 0\) is defined by \(\text{index}[f,x_ 0]=\deg(f,\Omega,f(x_ 0))\). For \(x_ 0\in U\) and \(h\in\mathbb{R}^ n\), the generalized right directional derivative of \(f\) at \(x_ 0\) in the direction \(h\) is defined by \(\delta f(x_ 0,h)=\{y\in\mathbb{R}^ n\): there is a sequence \(t_ n\to 0^ +\) such that \(\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over t^ n} (f(x_ 0+t_ nh)-f(x_ 0))=y\}\). Theorem. Suppose that \(f:U\to\mathbb{R}^ n\), \(f\in C^{1-}\), and \(x_ 0\in U\). Then \(f\) is a \(C^{1-}\) local homeomorphism at \(x_ 0\) if and only if the following three conditions are satisfied: i) There exist a neighborhood \(\Omega\) of \(x_ 0\) and a positive constant \(L_ 1\) such that \(\|\delta f(x,h)\|\geq L_ 1\), \(\forall x\in\Omega\), \(\forall h\in S=\) the unit sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^ n\); ii) There exists a neighborhood \(\Omega\) of \(x_ 0\) such that \(\text{det} f'(x)>0\) (or \(<0)\), \(\forall x\in\Omega\backslash\Omega_ f\); iii) \(\text{index}[f,x_ 0]=1\) (correspondently, \(-1)\).