Derived algebraic geometry, determinants of perfect complexes, and applications to obstruction theories for maps and complexes (Q2344038): Difference between revisions

The article under review applies techniques from derived algebraic geometry to the formalism of perfect obstruction theories [\textit{K. Behrend} and \textit{B. Fantechi}, Invent. Math. 128, No. 1, 45--88 (1997; Zbl 0909.14006)]. Recall that a perfect obstruction theory a morphism \(E\to{\mathbf L}_{\mathcal X}\) in the derived category which is an isomorphism in degree zero cohomology, surjective in degree minus one cohomology and where \(E\) is of perfect amplitude in degrees \([-1,0]\). It is used to define virtual fundamental classes in the Chow group of the stack, and in the case of the stack of pointed stable maps one obtains all Gromov-Witten invariants by integrating against this class. In section 1 it is explained how a derived enhancement \(\mathcal X^{\text{der}}\) of a Deligne-Mumford stack \(\mathcal X\) induces via the canonical closed immersion \(j:\text{t}_0({\mathcal X}^{\text{der}})\hookrightarrow{\mathcal X}^{\text{der}}\) a perfect obstruction \(j^*({\mathbf L}_{\mathcal X^{\text{der}}})\to{\mathbf L}_{\mathcal X}\), provided the stack is quasi-smooth (i.e.\ the cotangent complex is of perfect amplitude contained in \([-1,0]\)). The functoriality properties in derived algebraic geometry then improve the limited and ad hoc functoriality properties for perfect obstruction theories. In section~2 derived enhancements of well-known moduli spaces are constructed: the Picard stack resp.\ the stack of (\(n\)-pointed) (pre)stable maps of genus \(g\), and open substacks of these fixing a class \(c_1\in\text{H}^2(X,{\mathbb Z})\) resp.\ \(\beta\in\text{H}_2(X,{\mathbb Z})\). It is explained how the derived enhancement \({\mathbb R}\overline{M}_g(X;\beta)\) induces the \textit{standard} perfect obstruction theory on the underived moduli stack \(\overline{M}_g(X;\beta)\) of the moduli stack of stable maps of type \((g,\beta)\) (and likewise for a pointed version) inducing Gromov-Witten invariants. This is not the only perfect obstruction theory in the literature: it can be shown that for a \(K3\) surface this standard perfect obstruction theory gives trivial Gromov-Witten invariants, hence the need for the \textit{reduced} perfect obstruction theory. To construct a derived enhancement inducing this reduced perfect obstruction theory a version of the determinant map in derived algebraic geometry is constructed in section 3. This is a morphism \(\text{det}_{\text{perf}}:{\mathbb R}\text{Perf}\to\text{Pic}\) generalising \(\text{Vect}\to\text{Pic}\). Using this determinant map a morphism \(\text{A}_X:{\mathbb R}\overline{M}_g(X)\to{\mathbb R}\text{Perf}(X)\) is constructed using the universal family on \({\mathbb R}\overline{M}_g(X)\), and it is explained how its tangent morphism is related to the Atiyah class of its associated perfect complexes. Section 4 is devoted to the special case of \(\overline{M}_g(S;\beta)\) where \(S\) is a \(K3\) surface, to obtain the reduced perfect obstruction theory which gives non-trivial Gromov-Witten invariants. First the properties of this obstruction theory are recalled. To construct the correct enhancement the derived Picard stack for a \(K3\) surface is shown to exhibit a special structure, which allows to use the morphism \(\text{A}_S\) from the previous section to define a new derived enhancement \({\mathbb R}\overline{M}_g^{\text{red}}(S;\beta)\). The main technical part of the paper is in the proof that the induced perfect obstruction theory is indeed the reduced obstruction theory. In section 5 the moduli stack of perfect complexes and various substacks are studied. In the case of a \(K3\) surface it is shown using the perfect determinant map that the reduced enhancement from section 4 gives rise to a smooth \textit{underived} substack of simple perfect complexes, whose coarse moduli space was shown to be a smooth algebraic space by \textit{M. Inaba} [Adv. Math. 227, No. 4, 1399--1412 (2011; Zbl 1220.14010)]. In the case of a smooth projective Calabi-Yau 3-fold the standard enhancement from section~3 gives rise to a (non-proper) quasi-smooth derived stack of simple perfect complexes with fixed determinant. Finally a comparison morphism between this stack and an appropriate open substack of \({\mathbb R}\overline{M}_{g,n}(X)\) from section~2 is constructed, which allows for an open version of the comparison between Donaldson-Thomas and Gromov-Witten invariants.