Asymptotic behavior of delay differential equations with instantaneously terms (Q1763799): Difference between revisions

This is an interesting paper in which the author extends the famous \(3/2\) results by Yorke and Yoneyama to the functional-differential equation with instantaneous linear term \[ x'(t)=-c r(t) x(t)+F(t,x_t), \tag{1} \] where \(c>-1\) is a constant, and \(r(t)\) is a piecewise continuous function. However, many related references are missed, perhaps due to the large delay between submitting and publishing. Indeed, at least for constant \(r(t)\) and constant delay \(\tau\), the main results for \(c>0\) are not new. For example, in this case, condition (2.6) in Theorem 2.3 reads \[ r\tau<-\frac{1}{c} \ln\left[\frac{1}{c}\ln\left(\frac{1+c}{1+c^2}\right)\right]. \] As it was noticed in [\textit{A. Ivanov, E. Liz} and \textit{S. Trofimchuk}, Tohoku Math. J., II. Ser. 54, No. 2, 277--295 (2002; Zbl 1025.34078)], under such a condition, the convergence of all solutions of (1) to zero was already proved by S. E. Grossman in a report from 1969. The sharp nature of the condition and its relations with the \(3/2\) theorems were shown in the mentioned paper by Ivanov \textit{et al.} Moreover, such a condition implies the global attractivity of the equilibrium under a condition much more general than the usual Yorke condition, as it was proved in [\textit{E. Liz, V. Tkachenko} and \textit{S. Trofimchuk}, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 35, No. 3, 596--622 (2003; Zbl 1069.34109)]. In any case, the results of the paper by Tang are a good contribution to the subject, since he considers the case of nonautonomous instanteneous term, and some results for \(c\in [-1,0)\). When \(c=0\), a more general result was recently proved in [\textit{T. Faria, E. Liz, J. J. Oliveira} and \textit{S. Trofimchuk}, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12, 481--500 (2005; Zbl 1074.34069)].