Some results about inverse limits with set-valued bonding functions (Q260536): Difference between revisions

Inverse limits of inverse sequences of compact metric spaces with upper semicontinuous bonding functions were introduced by W.T. Ingram and W.S. Mahavier in 2004. They generalize inverse limits of inverse sequences of compact metric spaces with continuous bonding functions. In 2015, W.T. Ingram posed the following open problem concerning inverse limits: suppose \(f: [0,1] \rightarrow 2^{[0,1]}\) is an upper semicontinuous set-valued function whose graph is an arc. If the inverse limit of the inverse sequence \(\{ [0,1], f \}_{n=1}^{\infty}\) is one-dimensional, can it contain a simple closed curve? In the present paper it is shown that the answer to the question above is positive. More precisely, a function \(f: [0,1] \rightarrow 2^{[0,1]}\) with the following properties is constructed: 1. the graph of \(f\) is an arc, 2. the graph of \(f\) is surjective, 3. the inverse limit of the inverse sequence \(\{ [0,1], f \}_{n=1}^{\infty}\) contains a simple closed curve and 4. the dimension of the inverse limit is one. Furthermore, easy tools for determining dimension and finding upper bounds for the dimension of inverse limits of inverse sequences of compact metric spaces with upper semicontinuous bonding functions are provided. Moreover, some new results for finite Mahavier products are obtained.