Integral representations of functions and Addison-type series for mathematical constants (Q2517124): Difference between revisions

The author offers integral representations for some special functions and their values, making use of weak form of Sonin's formula (see [\textit{I. M. Vinogradov}, An introduction to the theory of numbers. Pergamon Press (1955)], problems to Chapter 2, Problem 8, page 24) to obtain the equality \[ \sum_{a<n}f(n)=\int_a^{+\infty}f(x)\,dx-\rho(a)f(a)-\int_a^{+\infty}\rho(x)\frac d {dx}f(x)\,dx \] where \(\frac d {dx}f(x)\) is continuous on \([a,+\infty)\), \(\lim_{x\to a}f(x)=0,\) both integrals converge and (I use Vinogradov's notations) \(\rho(x)\) coincides with the author's \(-P_1(x).\) For example, the author offers for the function \[ \Phi(z,s,a)=\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty}z^n/(a+n)^s \] (the well known Lerch zeta-function \(L(\lambda,a,s)\) is equal to \(\Phi(\exp(2i\pi\lambda),s,a)\)) and for polylogarithm \(Li_s=z\Phi(z,s,1)\) the following expressions: \[ \Phi(z,x,a)=1/a^s+1/(2(a+1)^s)+\int_ {1}^{+\infty}z^x/(a+x)^s(1-\rho(x)(\log(z)-s/(a+x)) \,dx \] \[ Li_s(z)=z/2+\int_{1}^{+\infty}z^x/x^s(1-\rho(x)(\log(z)-s/x) \,dx. \] As an application the author deduces from the last equality that \[ \begin{multlined}\int_{0}^1t^{\alpha-1}Li_n(t)\,dt=1/(2\alpha+2)+\,{}_2F_1(1,n;n+1;-\alpha)\\ +\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\psi(\alpha+1)-\ln(\alpha+1)+1/(2\alpha+2)\right)+(-1)^{n+1}\sum_{j=1}^n(-1)^jjh(j)/\alpha^{n+1-j},\end{multlined} \] where \(h(s)=-\zeta(s)/s+(s+1)/(2s^2-2s).\) Reviewer's remark. Let \(C_n\) be the right part of previous equality, i.e., \[ \begin{multlined} C_n=1/(2\alpha+2)+\frac1n\,{}_2F_1(1,n;n+1;-\alpha)+\\ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\psi(\alpha+1)-\ln(\alpha+1)+1/(2\alpha+2)\right)+ (-1)^n\sum_{j=1}^n(-1)^jjh(j)/\alpha^{n+1-j},\end{multlined}\tag{1} \] and \[ D_n=\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\psi(\alpha+1)+\gamma+\sum_{j=2}^n(-\alpha)^j\zeta(j) \right). \tag{2} \] Let \(\omega(s)=\zeta(s)-\frac1{s-1}.\) Since \[ \omega(s)=\sum_{\nu=0}^\infty\gamma_\nu(s-1)^\nu, \] where \[ \gamma_\nu=(-1)^{\nu+1}\lim_{n\to+\infty} \left(-\frac{(\ln(n))^{\nu+1}}{\nu+1}+\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{(ln(k))^\nu}k\right) \] and \(\omega(1)=\gamma_0=\gamma,\) it follows that for author's \(h(s)\) we have \[ h(s)=-\zeta(s)/s+(s+1)/(2s^2-2s)=-\frac1s\left(\zeta(s)-\frac1{s-1}-\frac12\right)=-\frac1s\left(\omega(s)-\frac12\right), \] and \[ C_n=1/(2\alpha+2)+\,{}_2F_1(1,n;n+1;-\alpha)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\psi(\alpha+1)-\ln(\alpha+1)+\frac1{2\alpha+2}\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\sum_{j=2}^n (-\alpha)^{j-1}\left(\zeta(j)-\frac1{j-1}-\frac12\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}(\gamma-1/2)=\frac1{2\alpha+2}+ \] \[ \frac{-1}{(-\alpha)^n}\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\frac{(-\alpha)^k}k+\ln(1+\alpha)\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(-\ln(\alpha+1)+\frac1{2\alpha+2}+\psi(\alpha+1)\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\sum_{j=2}^n-(-\alpha)^{j-1}\frac1{j-1}\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\sum_{j=2}^n-(-\alpha)^{j-1}\frac12\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\gamma-1/2+\sum_{j=2}^n (-\alpha)^{j-1}\zeta(j)\right)= \] \[ \frac1{2\alpha+2}+(1-1)\frac{-1}{(-\alpha)^n}\ln(\alpha+1)+ \] \[ (1-1)\frac{-1}{(-\alpha)^n}\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\frac{(-\alpha)^k}k\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\frac1{2\alpha+2}+\psi(\alpha+1)+\gamma\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^n}{\alpha^n}\left(\frac{1-(-\alpha)^{n}}{2+2\alpha}-\frac12\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(-1/2+\sum_{j=2}^n(-\alpha)^{j-1}\zeta(j)\right)= \] \[ \frac1{2\alpha+2}+\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\frac1{2\alpha+2}+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^n}{\alpha^n}\left(\frac{1-(-\alpha)^{n}}{2+2\alpha}-\frac12\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(-1/2+\psi(\alpha+1)+\gamma\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\sum_{j=2}^n (-\alpha)^{j-1}\zeta(j)= \] \[ \frac1{2\alpha+2}+\frac{(-1)^{n}}{\alpha^n}\left(\frac{-(-\alpha)^{n}}{2+2\alpha}\right)+ \] \[ (1-1)\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\frac{1}{2+2\alpha}\right)+\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}(1/2-1/2)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\psi(\alpha+1)+\gamma\right)+ \] \[ \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{\alpha^n}\left(\sum_{j=2}^n(-\alpha)^{j-1}\zeta(j)\right)=0+D_n. \] The following question appears: what equality is more preferable \[ \int_{0}^1t^{\alpha-1}Li_n(t)\,dt =C_n \] or \[ \int_{0}^1t^{\alpha-1}Li_n(t)\,dt =D_n\,\,\text{?} \] The author offers further in the paper other analogous examples of application of weak form of Sonin's formula.