Borel measurability of separately continuous functions (Q1868875): Difference between revisions

It is a very important problem to discuss properties of separately continuous functions of two variables. Some symbols and concepts used in this paper: \(X\) denotes a completely regular space; \(C(X)\) the continuous real functions on \(X\). \(C_p(X)\) is \(C(X)\) with the topology of pointwise convergence and \({\mathcal F}_X\) the family of subsets \(A\) of \(X\) such that \(A = \bigcup_{n<\omega}\) \((U_n\) open)\(\cap(F_n\) closed). Put \(Y = C_p(X)\). Then \(Y\) is narrow: there are \(Y_{n<\omega}\in {\mathcal F}_Y\) such that \(Y =\cup Y_n\) and for each \(f\in Y\) and \(\varepsilon > 0\), there exist \(n < \omega\) and an open neighbourhood \(V\) of \(f\) such that \(f\in Y_n\) and for each \(g\in Y_n\cap V\), \(\|f-g\|_{\infty}<\varepsilon\). Remark: For a metric space \(X\), \(C_p(X)\) is narrow \(\Leftrightarrow X\) is compact. Moreover, there exists a countably linearly ordered space \(X\) such that the clopen sets in \(X\) are not \(\sigma\)-discrete in \(C_p(X)\) and not narrow. Let \(X =\Pi_{i<\omega} X_i\times Y\), where each \(X_i\) is a separable linearly ordered space, and \(Y\) is any space. If \(f : X\times Y\to \mathbb{R}\) is separately continuous, then for every open interval \(I\subset \mathbb{R}\), \(f^{-1}(I)\) is an \(F_\sigma\)-set. There is an interesting example; let \(X=[0,1]\times 2\), ordered lexicographically, and \(Y = \{f\in \{0,1\}^X : f\) is continuous\}. For \(Y\) with the topology of pointwise convergence, the evaluation map \(F :X\times Y\to \mathbb{R}\) is separately continuous, but not of Baire class 1. An interesting result is: Let us assume that there is a regular uncountable cardinal \(\kappa\) such that \(2^{<\kappa}=\kappa\). Then there exists a linearly ordered space \(X\) and a separately continuous function \(X\times X \to \mathbb{R}\) such that \(f\) is not Borel measurable. The final section of the paper is concerned with the case of products of ordinals. Some useful results on ordinals with the usual topology are mentioned and a generalization of classical results is obtained: if \(X\) is a finite product of ordinals and \(Y\) is separable or a ccc Baire space, then the space of all separately continuous functions \(f : X\times Y\to\mathbb{R}\) is of Baire class 1.