Univalence and convexity properties for Gaussian hypergeometric functions (Q5940654): Difference between revisions

Let \(f(z)=z+a_2z^2+ \cdots\) be analytic in the unit disk \(\mathbf{D}\). Then \(f(z)\) is called convex if it is univalent and \(f(\mathbf{D})\) is convex, and \(f(z)\) is called starlike if it is univalent and \(f(\mathbf D)\) is starlike with respect to the origin. Furthermore \(f(z)\) is called close-to-convex if there is a convex function \(g(z)\) such that \[ \text{{Re}} {e^{i \alpha}f'(z) \over g'(z)}>0 \qquad \text{for some} \alpha \in \mathbf R . \] It is well-known that close-to-convexity implies univalence. In this paper the Gaussian hypergeometric function \[ _2F_1(a,b;c;z)=\sum^\infty_{n=0}{(a)_n(b)_n \over (c)_n n!} z^n \] is considered where \((a)_n=a (a+1) \cdots(a+n-1)\) denotes the Pochhammer symbol. The authors prove close-to-convexity and starlikeness, hence univalence, of \(z_2F_1(z)\) for certain regions of the parameters \(a, b\) and \(c\), and similar results. As an example, the functions \[ z_2F_1(a, a+ {1 \over 2};2a+1;z)= \left( {2 \over 1+\sqrt{1-z}}\right)^{2a} \] are close-to-convex for \(0<a\leq (\sqrt{17}-1)/4\).