On parallelogram areas in normed linear spaces (Q866797): Difference between revisions

The author offers characterizations of inner product spaces in terms of equations satisfied by areas of parallellograms defined among others in the following different ways: \[ \begin{aligned} A_1(x,y)&:=(\| x\|^2\| y|^2-r(x,y)r(y,x)\,)^{1/2},\qquad r(x,y):=\lim_{t\to+0}(\| x+ty\|^2-\| x\|^2)/(2t); \\ A_2(x,y)&:=(\|\:(x-y)y+\,(x-y)^2(\| y\|^2-r(x,y)\,)\| x-y\|^{-2}\: \|; \\ A_3(x,y)&:=\| x-y\|(\,\| x\|^2-\| x-y\|(1-(\| y\|^2-r(x,y)\,)\| x-y\|^{-2}\,)\,)^{1/2}.\end{aligned} \] One result offered is that a real normed linear space \((E,\|\;\|)\;(\dim E\geq 2)\;\) is an inner product space iff (at least) one (thus all) of the \(A_j\)'s satisfies \(A_j(z,x+y)^2+A_j(z,x-y)^2=2A_j(z,x)^2+2A_j(z,y)^2\quad(j=1,2,3)\) for all \(x,y,z\) in \(E.\)