On the boundaries of the determinantal regions of ray pattern matrices (Q924342): Difference between revisions

The boundaries of the ray pattern matrices and the complex sign matrices of complex matrices are considered within the sign matrix theory. Suppose a complex number \(a\). Its ray is defined as \(\text{ray}(a)=a/| a| \) if \(a\neq 0\) else \(\text{ray}(0)=0\). Define \(Q_R(A)\), when replacing its entries with their rays, the set of all matrices as the ray pattern class of a complex matrix \(A\) as \(Q_R(A)=\{B\mid \text{ray}(B)= \text{ray}(A)\}\). Denote the complex sign of \(a=x+iy\) as \(\text{csgn}(a)= \text{sgn}(x)+i\,{\text{sgn}}(y)\). Denote \(Q_S(A)\) of \(A\), when replacing its entries with their complex signs, a complex sign pattern class of \(A\) defined as \(Q_S(A)=\{B\mid \text{csgn}(B)=\text{csgn}(A)\}\). The ray determinantal region \(R_A\) of a complex square matrix \(A\) and the complex determinantal region \(S_A\) of \(A\) are defined as \(R_A=\{\det B\mid B\in Q_R(A)\}\) and \(S_A=\{\det B\mid B\in Q_S(A)\}\). The authors show that the boundary of \(R_A\) is a subset of the union of all rays starting at the origin and passing through some one element of \(T(A)\), where \(T(A)\) is a set of nonzero terms in the determinantal expansion of \({\text{ray}}(A)\). A canonical form \(\widetilde A\) of \(A\) (whose entries are all on the axis) is defined, and shown that \(S_A=R_{\widetilde A}\) for all complex square matrices \(A\). The result indicates also the regions \(S_A\) can sometimes be turned to the study of the regions \(R_A\).