Continuous operators on asymmetric normed spaces (Q1046861): Difference between revisions

For a real linear space, a function \(p:X\to \mathbb R^+\) is called an asymmetric norm on \(X\) if for all \(x,y\in X\) and \(r\in \mathbb R^+\), (i) \(p(x)=p(-x)=0\); (ii) \(p(rx)=rp(x)\); (iii) \(p(x+y)\leq p(x)+p(y)\). For an asymmetric norm \(p\) on \(X\), \(p^{-1}\), defined on \(X\) by \(p^{-1}(x)=p(-x)\) is also an asymmetric norm on \(X\); the function \(p^s\) defined on \(X\) by \(p^s(x)=\max\{p(x),p^{-1}(x)\}\) is obviously a norm on \(X\); also, for a normed lattice \((X,\| \,.\,\| )\), \(p(x)=\| x^+\| \) with \(x^+=\sup\{x,0\}\) is an asymmetric norm on \(X\). The author uses the symbol \(LC(X,Y)\) to denote the set of all continuous linear mappings from \((X,p)\) to \((Y,q)\) where \(p\), \(q\) are asymmetric norms whereas \(LC^s(X,Y)\) is used to denote the set of all continuous linear mappings from \((X,p^s)\) to \((Y,q^s)\); \(LC(X,Y)\) is not a linear space but a cone which is included in \(LC^s(X,Y)\). If \((Y,q)\) is \((\mathbb R,u)\) where \(u\) is the asymmetric norm on \(\mathbb R\) given by \(u(x)=x^+\), then \(LC(X,\mathbb R)\) and \(LC^s(X,\mathbb R)\) are denoted by \(X^*\) and \(X^{s*}\), respectively. It is proved that, with \((X,\| \, .\,\| )\) and \((Y,\| \, .\,\| )\) two normed lattices, \(p(x)=\| x^+\| \) if \(x\in X\) and \(q(y)=\| y^+\| \) if \(y\in Y\), \(f\in LC(X,Y)\) iff \(f\in LC^s(X,Y)\) and \(f\geq 0\); also \(p^*_q(f)\leq \| f\| \leq 2p^*_q(f)\), for all \(f\in LC(X,Y)\) where \(p^*_q(f)=\sup\{q(f(x)):p(x)\leq 1\}\), it is further proved that, if \((X,\| \, .\,\| )\) is a real normed lattice and \(q(x)=\| x^+\| \), then \(X^{s*}=X^*-X^*\). In the last section, open mapping and closed graph theorems are given, in a suitable manner, in the new setting.