Existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for Duffing equations across many points of resonance (Q1320281): Difference between revisions

The examined form of the Duffing equation is \(y''+ f(x,y)=0\). The authors discuss the question: Can this equation have a unique \(2\pi\)-periodic solution, if \(0\leq f_ y(x,y)\leq B<\infty\) and \([0,B]\) contains several points of resonance? The paper proves two optimality results on this subject using the optimal control theory and the Schauder fixed point theorem. First sufficient conditions are given that ensure the unique solvability of the periodic boundary value problem: \(y''+ u(x)y= 0\), \(0\leq u(x)\leq B\), \(u(x)= u(x+ 2\pi\rangle\), \(y(0)= y(2\pi)\), \(y'(0)= y'(2\pi)\). Choosing an admissible set \(\Omega\), and seeking a function \(u^*\in \Omega\) such that this problem has a nontrivial solution and \(\min_ \Omega f[u]= \int_ 0^{2\pi} u^* (x)dx\), the authors get an optimal control problem. The two point boundary value problem \(y''+ u(x)y=0\), \(a<x<b\), \(0\leq u(x)\leq B\), \(y(a)=0\), \(y(b)=0\) is similarly treated. Then a lemma connects two problems of the above type, the one of which with \(u= u_ 1(x)\geq 0\), the other however with \(u= u_ 2(x) \geq 0\), and \(u_ 2(x) \leq B\). The existence of optimal control functions is proved, then the explicit form or these is constructed. The results are applied to find sufficient conditions for the solution of the original problem. Three groups of such conditions are given. In each case the following assumptions are valid: \(f(x,y)\) and \(f_ y(x,y)\) are continuous on \(\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}\) and \(2\pi\) periodic with respect to \(x\), and \(\int_ 0^{2\pi} f(x,0) dx=0\); for some constant \(B\geq 1\), \(0\leq f_ y(x,y)\leq \beta(x)\leq B\) for \(x\in R\), \(y\in R\), where \(\beta\in L[0,2\pi]\) is given and satisfies \(\int_ 0^{2\pi} \beta(x) dx< 2B\alpha\), where \(\alpha\) is the minimal positive root of the equation \(\text{ctg} (\alpha/2 \sqrt{\beta})= \sqrt{\beta}/2 (\pi-\alpha)\); further \(\text{meas} \{x\in [0,2\pi]\), \(f_ y (x,y(x))> 0\}>0\) for each continuous and \(2\pi\) periodic functions \(y: \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\).