Finite locally free group schemes in characteristic \(p\) and Dieudonné modules (Q1319211): Difference between revisions

The general theme of this well written article is the analogue of classical Dieudonné theory for commutative finite locally free \(p\)- group schemes over a scheme \(S_ 0\) of characteristic \(p\), i.e. the description of such groups by objects generalizing Dieudonné modules. The setting is the following: \(S\) is a flat scheme over \(\mathbb{Z}/p^{n+1} \mathbb{Z}\) \((n \geq 1)\), \(S_ 0 \subset S\) the subscheme where \(p = 0\), \(C(n)_{S_ 0}\) the category of commutative finite locally free group schemes over \(S_ 0\) on which \(p^ n\) is zero. The paper studies properties of the functor \(M_ S\) which to an object \(G\) of \(C(n)_{S_ 0}\) associates a sheaf of \({\mathcal O}_ S/p^ n {\mathcal O}_ S\)-modules, namely the sheaf of (crystalline) extensions of \(G\) by the augmentation ideal of \(S_ 0\) (over \(\mathbb{Z}_ p)\). A main result is that this functor \(M_ S\) is exact. For all \(G\), \(M_ S(G)\) is canonically isomorphic to the dual of \(M_ S(G^ D)\) (where \(G^ D\) denotes the dual group scheme). The other results of the paper concern the case \(n=1\): then there is a canonical injection of (resp. surjection onto) the sheaf \(\alpha_ G = \Hom (G, \mathbb{G}_ a)\) (resp. the sheaf \(\omega_ G\) of invariant 1-forms of \(G)\) which is an isomorphism if the Verschiebung (resp. the Frobenius) on \(G\) is zero. Unfortunately \(M_ S(G)\) is not locally free in general, but if the Frobenius map can be lifted to \(S\), the author proves that \(M_ S (G)\) is locally free. Much stronger results are obtained if moreover \(S\) is the spectrum of a noetherian complete local ring \(R\) with perfect residue field: Here under an additional technical assumption on \(S\), or if \(M_ S\) is restricted to groups without multiplicative part, \(M_ S\) is an equivalence of categories onto (the appropriate subcategory of) the category of finite locally free \({\mathcal O}_ S/p {\mathcal O}_ S\)-modules endowed with \({\mathcal O}_ S\)-linear maps \(F\) and \(V\) such that \(F \circ V = p = V \circ F\). A corollary to this result is the classification of \(p\)-divisible groups over such rings \(R\). The starting point and the main technical and notational reference for this article is \textit{P. Berthelot}, \textit{L. Breen} and \textit{W. Messing}, ``Théorie de Dieudonné cristalline II,'' Lect. Notes Math. 930 (1982; Zbl 0516.14015).