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Sur un théorème de Boltzmann relatif aux systèmes mécaniques. I.
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    Sur un théorème de Boltzmann relatif aux systèmes mécaniques. I. (English)
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    1925
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    Verf. leitet aus den Differentialgleichungen \[ \frac{dq_{\alpha}}{dt}=q_{\alpha}^{\prime},\quad \frac{dp_{\alpha}}{dt}= \frac{\partial(E_{\text{kin}}-E_{\text{pot}})}{\partial q_{\alpha}^{\prime}} +P_{\alpha} \] die Gleichungen \[ \frac{d}{dt}\sum p_{\alpha}q_{\alpha}^{\prime}=\frac{dL}{dt} -\frac{\partial L}{\partial t}+\sum P_{\alpha}q_{\alpha}^{\prime} \] und \[ \frac{d}{dt}\sum p_{\alpha}\delta q_{\alpha}=\delta L-\delta T \] her (\(L=E_{\text{kin}}-E_{\text{pot}}\); \(dT=-\sum P_{\alpha}dq_{\alpha}\); \(\delta t = 0\)), ferner aus den Differentialgleichungen \[ \frac{dq_{\alpha}}{d\vartheta}=q_{\alpha}^{\prime}\varphi(t),\quad \frac{dp_{\alpha}}{d\vartheta}=\left(\frac{\partial L}{\partial q_{\alpha}}+ P_{\alpha}\right)\varphi(t),\quad \frac{d\vartheta}{dt}=\varphi(t) \] die Gleichung \[ \frac{d}{d\vartheta}\sum p_{\alpha}\delta'q_{\alpha}= \varphi(t)\left(\delta'L-\frac{\partial L}{\partial t}\delta't -\delta'T\right)+\varphi'(t)\delta't\sum p_{\alpha}q_{\alpha}^{\prime} \] (die \(\delta'\)-Ausdrücke sind ähnlich wie oben die \(\delta\)-Ausdrücke erklärt; \(\delta'\vartheta= 0\)). Betrachtet man Systeme, bei denen die Zeit nicht explizit auftritt, so führt die Substitution \(\tau=t-t_0\) und die Anwendung der genannten Ergebnisse zum Boltzmannschen Theorem in der Gestalt: \[ \left[\sum p_{\alpha}\delta' q_{\alpha}\right]^t_{t_0}= 2\delta'\int_{t_0}^t E_{\text{kin}}dt\int_{t_0}^t \delta' Q dt,\quad \delta'Q=\sum(q_{\alpha}^{\prime}dp_{\alpha}^{\prime}p_{\alpha}^{\prime}dq_{\alpha}). \]
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