Square roots of \(3\times 3\) matrices (Q1675419): Difference between revisions
From MaRDI portal
Changed an Item |
Set profile property. |
||
Property / MaRDI profile type | |||
Property / MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile / rank | |||
Normal rank |
Revision as of 05:17, 5 March 2024
scientific article
Language | Label | Description | Also known as |
---|---|---|---|
English | Square roots of \(3\times 3\) matrices |
scientific article |
Statements
Square roots of \(3\times 3\) matrices (English)
0 references
27 October 2017
0 references
Square roots \(B\) of a matrix \(A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}\) are computed by solving \(B^2=A\). First a new proof is given for the solution when \(n=2\), as proposed in an exercise in [\textit{N. J. Higham}, Functions of matrices. Theory and computation. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) (2008; Zbl 1167.15001)]. In the main result, a similar strategy is used for \(n=3\). It states that if \(\det(A-MI)\neq0\), then \(B=(tA+\sqrt{\Delta}I)(A-MI)^{-1}\) where \(\Delta=\det(A)\), \(t=\mathrm{trace}(B)\), and \(M=0.5(T-t^2)\), with \(T=\mathrm{trace}(A)\). Since \(t\) satisfies a polynomial equation of degree 4 with a possible choice of a square root sign in a coefficient, there are generically up to 8 square roots. If \(M\) is an eigenvalue of \(A\), then \(\det(A-MI)=0\) and no square roots or coinciding square roots may occur. Matlab code is provided in an appendix to compute square roots of \(2\times 2\) and \(3\times 3\) matrices. It is illustrated numerically that the accuracy and computing time of the method is better than the results obtained by the standard matlab routine \texttt{sqrtm(\ )}.
0 references
Schur algorithm
0 references
square roots
0 references
Cayley-Hamilton theorem
0 references
numerical examples
0 references
Matlab code
0 references