Hilbert schemes of nonreduced divisors in Calabi-Yau threefolds and \(W\)-algebras (Q2049049): Difference between revisions

Motivated by the AGT conjecture [\textit{L. F. Alday} et al., Lett. Math. Phys. 91, No. 2, 167--197 (2010; Zbl 1185.81111)], the present article provides a geometric realization of the vacuum representation of \(W\)-algebra \(W_{\kappa}(\mathfrak{gl}_r)\). More precisely, it is shown that \(W_{\kappa}(\mathfrak{gl}_r)\) acts on the (equivariant, localized) Borel-Moore homology of Hilbert schemes of points \(\mathrm{Hilb}(r,n)\) on the \(r\)-th order infinitesimal neighborhood of \(\mathbb{C}^2\subset \mathbb{C}^3\), and this module is precisely the vacuum representation. The proof of this result relies on the identification of a Verma module of \(W_{\kappa}(\mathfrak{gl}_r)\) with the Borel-Moore homology of the moduli spaces \(\mathcal{M}(r,n)\) of framed torsion free sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}^2\), see [\textit{O. Schiffmann} and \textit{E. Vasserot}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 118, 213--342 (2013; Zbl 1284.14008)]. Namely, the authors show that \(\mathrm{Hilb}(r,n)\) is a closed subscheme of \(\mathcal{M}(r,n)\), working with quiver realizations of ADHM type. Next, a careful analysis of the torus fixed loci allows to identify homology of \(\mathrm{Hilb}(r,n)\) with a direct summand of homology of \(\mathcal{M}(r,n)\). Finally, the authors check that this summand is preserved by the Hecke operators of Schiffmann-Vasserot, and thus deduce the action of the \(W\)-algebra. It is also suggested (see Conjecture 1.3) that it would be more natural to replace the Borel-Moore homology of \(\mathrm{Hilb}(r,n)\) by the vanishing cycle cohomology of the moduli space \(\mathcal{Q}(r,n)\) of Higgs sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}^2\) framed at infinity.