Two elementary proofs of Halász's theorem (Q2277011): Difference between revisions

The aim of this paper is to give new and elementary proofs of the following theorem of \textit{G. Halász} [Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 19, 365-403 (1968; Zbl 0165.058)]. Let \(f: {\mathbb{N}}\to {\mathbb{C}}\) be multiplicative and \(| f| \leq 1\). Then there are constants \(c\in {\mathbb{C}}\), \(a\in {\mathbb{R}}\) and a slowly oscillating function \(L(u)\) with \(| L(u)| =1\), so that, as \(x\to \infty\), \[ (1)\quad (1/x)\sum_{n\leq x}f(n)=c x^{-ia} L(\log x)+O(1). \] The common and main idea of both proofs is to show that the means \((2)\quad (1/x)\int^{x}_{0}\alpha(w) dw\) tend to a limit \(\alpha\) as \(x\to \infty\), where \(\alpha(w)=e^{-w} | \sum_{n\leq e^ w}f(n)|\). In the first proof one deduces from this the relation \[ (3)\quad \int^{\infty}_{0}\alpha^ 2(w) e^{-2w(\sigma -1)} dw =\frac{\alpha^ 2}{2(\sigma-1)}+ o(\frac{1}{\sigma-1})\quad as\quad \sigma \to 1^+ \] which then leads to the asymptotic formula (1). Concerning the second proof one observes that \(\alpha(w)\) is slowly oscillating and thus fulfills a Tauberian condition for the summability method (2). This allows to prove the existence of the limit \(\lim_{w\to \infty} \alpha(w)\) (which equals \(\alpha\)), and again via (3) one deduces the asymptotic formula (1).