Some remarks on the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on variable \(L^p\) spaces (Q2571063): Difference between revisions

Let \(p: \mathbb R^n\to[1,\infty)\) be a measurable function. Denote by \(L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb R^n)\) the Banach space of measurable functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb R^n\) such that for some \(\lambda>0\), \[ \int_{\mathbb R^n}| f(x)/\lambda| ^{p(x)}\,dx<\infty, \] with norm \[ \| f\| _{L^{p(\cdot)}}=\inf\left\{\lambda>0; \int_{\mathbb R^n}| f(x)/\lambda| ^{p(x)}\,dx\leq1\right\}. \] The author discusses on the class \(\mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\) of those functions for which the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the variable \(L^{p(\cdot)}\) space. He gives some sufficient conditions for \(p\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\), using mean oscillations. Let \[ \mathcal C(p)=\| p\| _\infty+\sup_{Q:\text{cube}}| Q| ^{1/n}| Q| ^{-1}\int_Q \left| f(x)-| Q| ^{-1}\int_Qf(y)dy\right| dx. \] This was introduced by \textit{E. Nakai} and \textit{K. Yabuta} to characterize the pointwise multipliers for \(BMO(\mathbb R^n)\) [J. Math. Soc. Japan, 37, 207--218 (1985; Zbl 0546.42019)]. The author's results are the following: (1) There is a positive \(\mu_n\) sufficiently small such that \(2-p(x)\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\) for any non-negative measurable function \(p\) with \(\mathcal C(p)\leq \mu_n\), and \(2+p(x)\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\) for any non-negative measurable function \(p\) with \(\text{ess.\,inf}\,p>0\) and \(\mathcal C(p)\leq \mu_n\). (2) For any non-negative measurable function \(p\) with \(\mathcal C(p)<\infty\), there exists \(\alpha>0\) such that \(\alpha-p(x)\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\). Assuming additionally \(\text{ess.\,inf\,}p>0\), \(\alpha+p(x)\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\). These improve known results by \textit{L. Diening} [Math. Inequal. Appl. 7, No.~2, 245--253 (2004; Zbl 1071.42014)], \textit{D. Cruz-Uribe, A. Fiorenza} and \textit{C. J. Neugebauer} [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Math. 28, No.~1, 223--238 (2003; Zbl 1037.42023); Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Math. 29, No.~1, 247--249 (2004; Zbl 1064.42500)], and \textit{A. Nekvinda} [Math. Inequal. Appl. 7, No.~2, 255--265 (2004; Zbl 1059.42016)]. As a consequence, he gives a discontinuous \(p\in \mathcal P(\mathbb R^n)\), giving a positive answer to a conjecture by Diening.