Gelfand transforms of polyradial Schwartz functions on the Heisenberg group (Q2461229): Difference between revisions

The image of the Schwartz class on the \((2n+1)\)-dimensional Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H_n\) under the group Fourier transform has been studied in [\textit{D. Geller}, J. Funct. Anal. 36, 205--254 (1980; Zbl 0433.43008)]. Particular attention has been given in Geller's work and in the subsequent literature to special subclasses of the Schwartz class, whose functions commute under convolution and are characterized by invariance under a compact group \(K\) of automorphisms of \(\mathbb H_n\). Under the usual parametrization of the elements of \(\mathbb H_n\) by pairs \((z, t)\in\mathbb C^n\times\mathbb R\), the two most notable examples are the class of ``radial'' functions, invariant under \(K ={\text U}(n)\), and therefore depending only on \(t\) and \(| z| \), and the class of ``polyradial'' functions, invariant under a maximal torus \(\mathbb T^n\subset{\text U}(n)\), hence depending on \(t\) and on the absolute values \(| z_1| , \dots , | z_n| \) of the components of \(z\) with respect to an orthonormal basis of \(\mathbb C^n\) diagonalizing the action of \(\mathbb T^n\). If \(\mathcal S_K(\mathbb H_n)\) denotes the space of \(K\)-invariant Schwartz functions on \(\mathbb H_n\), the group Fourier transform of its elements can be equivalently described as the Gelfand transform \(\mathcal F_K\) relative to the commutative Banach algebra \(L^1_K(\mathbb H_n)\) of \(K\)-invariant integrable functions. There is a general understanding of the Gelfand spectrum \(\varSigma_K\) of \(L^1_K(\mathbb H_n)\) and of its topology, as well as a general formula (explicit up to integration over \(K\)) for the bounded \(K\)-spherical functions, defining its multiplicative characters. When \(K =\text{U}(n)\), \(\varSigma_K\) is the ``Heisenberg fan'' \[ \varSigma_{\text{U}(n)}\cong F_n=\{\left(\lambda,| \lambda| (2d +n)\right): \lambda\in\mathbb R \setminus\{0\}, d\in\mathbb N\}\cup \{(0,\xi): \xi\geqslant0\}, \] with the induced topology from \(\mathbb R^2\). When \(K=\mathbb T^n\), \(\varSigma_K\) is the ``Heisenberg brush'' \[ \varSigma_{\mathbb T^n}\cong B_n=\{\left(\lambda,| \lambda| (2d_1 +1),\dots, | \lambda| (2d_n +1)\right): \lambda\in\mathbb R \setminus\{0\}, d_j\in\mathbb N\} \] \[ \cup \{(0,\xi_1,\dots,\xi_n): \xi_1,\dots,\xi_n\geqslant0\}, \] with the induced topology from \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\). For a closed subset \(E\) of \(\mathbb R^n\), denote by \(\mathcal S(E)\) the space of restrictions to \(E\) of Schwartz functions in \(\mathbb R^n\), endowed with the quotient topology of \(\mathcal S(\mathbb R^m)/\{f:f| _E = 0\}\). The authors are interested in establishing that, in the two cases \(K = \text{U}(n)\) and \(K = \mathbb T^n\) and under the identification of \(\varSigma_K\) with \(F_n\) and \(B_n\), respectively, the Gelfand transform \(\mathcal F_K\) induces an isomorphism between \(S_K(\mathbb H_n)\) and \(\mathcal S(\varSigma_K)\). The main new result in this paper is the following ``extension theorem'': Let \(K = \mathbb T^n\). Given \(f\) in \(\mathcal S_K (\mathbb H_n)\), its Gelfand transform \(\mathcal F_K f\) admits a Schwartz extension to \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\). More precisely, for every Schwartz norm \(\|\cdot\|_{(N)}\), there are a constant \(C_N\) and another Schwartz norm \(\|\cdot\|_{(N')}\) such that \(\mathcal F_K f\) extends to a function \(\varPhi_N\) in \(\mathcal S(\mathbb R^{n+1})\) with \(\|\varPhi \|_{(N)}\leqslant C_N\| f\|_{(N')}\). Similarly for \(K ={\text U}(n)\), with \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\) replaced by \(\mathbb R^2\). A direct consequence of this theorem is the following corollary: The Gelfand transform \(\mathcal F_{\mathbb T^n}\) is a topological isomorphism between \(\mathcal S_{\mathbb T^n}(\mathbb H_n)\) and \(\mathcal S(B_n)\), and \(\mathcal F_{\text U}(n)\) is a topological isomorphism between \(\mathcal S_{{\text U}(n)}(\mathbb H_n)\) and \(\mathcal S(F_n)\). The same kind of results turns out to hold also in a slightly different situation, with \(\mathbb H_n\) replaced by a group \(N\) of Heisenberg type.