The full study of planar quadratic differential systems possessing a line of singularities at infinity (Q957736): Difference between revisions

The authors give a full description of all the phase portraits of real quadratic systems (QS) having the infinity of its Poincaré compactification full of critical points. One of the important properties of this family of QS, proved in this work, is that they always have invariant affine (real or complex) lines of total multiplicity three. These lines are useful for getting nice and realistic pictures of the phase portraits of the systems, as well as to prove that they are integrable via the well-known Darboux method. Notice that each quadratic system is given by its 12 real coefficients. The authors also give invariant necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of these coefficients to determine which phase portrait corresponds to each QS. They also present the bifurcation diagrams of the family in the space of moduli given by the QS under the action of the group of affine transformations and time rescaling.