A typical number is extremely non-normal (Q2146242): Difference between revisions

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A typical number is extremely non-normal
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    A typical number is extremely non-normal (English)
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    16 June 2022
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    Given \(N\geq 2\), a result of \textit{L. Olsen} [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 137, No. 1, 43--53 (2004; Zbl 1128.11038)] states that for a residual set of \(x\in [0,1]\) the set of digit frequencies in base \(N\) diverges. In fact for a residual set of \(x\), every element of the simplex \[ \Delta_N:=\left\{(p_0,\ldots,p_{N-1}): p_i\geq 0,\, \sum_{i=0}^{N-1}p_i=1\right\}, \] is an accumulation point for the digit frequencies of \(x\). In this paper the author proves a generalisation of this result which considers the so called ``\(T\)-averaged version of the vector of digit frequencies.'' Here \(T\) is an \(\mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N}\) real valued matrix.
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    normal numbers
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    digit frequencies
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    regular linear transformations
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