On the distribution of lattice points on hyperbolic circles (Q2070900): Difference between revisions

In this paper the angular distribution of lattice points on hyperbolic circles in the two-dimensional hyperbolic plane has been studied. For a \(\gamma=\begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}\in \Gamma = \mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) denote by \(\| \gamma \|^2 := a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\). Moreover, let \[ \mathcal{N}=\left\{ n=a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2 \in \mathbb{N} \ | \ \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix}\in \Gamma \right\}. \] The aim of this paper is to determine the distribution of the points \(\{\gamma(i) \ | \ \gamma\in \Gamma\}\) as \(n\) grows along integers \(n\in\mathcal{N}\). Using the conformal equivalence between the upper half-plane and the unit disc in the complex plane, the initial problem is equivalent to determine the distribution of angles \(\theta(\gamma) = \arg f(\gamma(i))\) as \(\gamma\) ranges over \(\gamma\in \Gamma\) satisfying the condition \(\| \gamma \|^2 = n\). As a result, the authors proved the uniform distribution of the angles (Theorem 1.1). For a \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) denote by \(\Gamma^n := \{\gamma \in \Gamma \ | \ \| \gamma\|^2 =n \}\). Theorem 1.1. Letting \(\mathcal{N}(x)=\{n\in \mathcal{N} \ | \ n\leq x\}\) we have \(|\mathcal{N}(x)| \asymp x/\log x\). Further, for all but \(o(|\mathcal{N}(x)|)\) integers \(n\in \mathcal{N}(x)\), we have \(|\Gamma^n| \asymp (\log n)^{\log 2 \pm o(1)}\) and moreover \[ \sup_{I\subset S^1} \left| \frac{|\{\gamma\in\Gamma^n \ | \ \theta(\gamma) \in I\}|}{|\Gamma^n|} - \frac{|I|}{2\pi}\right| \ll \frac{1}{|\Gamma^n|^{\vartheta -o(1)}}, \] where \(\vartheta = \log(\pi/2)/\log 2 = 0.651496129\ldots\). Furthermore, the authors showed there exists a limit measure of \(\left\{\frac{1}{|\Gamma^n|} \sum_{\gamma\in \Gamma^n} \delta_{\theta(\gamma)} \right\}_{n\in \mathcal{N}}\) that is not invariant under rotation by \(\frac{\pi}{4}\) (Theorem 1.4).