Jordan \(s\)-identities in three variables (Q694222): Difference between revisions

Author's introduction: Let \(J[X_n]\), \(SJ[X_n]\), and \(As[X_n]\) be, resp., a free Jordan algebra, a free special Jordan algebra, and a free associative algebra on a set of generators \(X_n = \{x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n\}\) and \(S_n\) be the kernel of a canonical homomorphism \(\pi: J[X_n] \to SJ[X_n]\). Nonzero elements in \(S_n\) are called \(s\)-identities. The Shirshov-McDonald theorem (see \textit{K. A. Zhevlakov} et al., Rings that are nearly associative (Russian). Moskva: Nauka (1978; Zbl 0445.17001), English translation: New York etc.: Academic Press (1982; Zbl 0487.17001)]) states that if \(f(x_1, x_2, x_3)\in S_3\) and \(d_{x_3}(f)\leq 1\) then \(f=0\). In particular, \(S_2 = (0)\). In [\textit{A. A. Albert} and \textit{L. J. Paige}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 93, 20--29 (1959; Zbl 0089.02001)], it was proved that \(S_3\neq (0)\). In [\textit{C. M. Glennie}, Pac. J. Math. 16, 47--59 (1966; Zbl 0134.26903)], \(s\)-identities \(G_8, G_9\in S_3\) of degrees 8 and 9 were constructed based on the proof in [Albert and Paige, cited above]. Currently we know of just a few examples of \(s\)-identities (see the bibliography). In the present paper it is proved that all Jordan \(s\)-identities in three variables are consequences of the Glennie \(s\)-identity \(G_8\) of degree 8, which solves K. A. Zhevlakov's problem (see [Dniester Notebook, 4th ed., Novosibirsk (1993), Problem 1.40]). All algebras are treated over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0.