Non effectively hyperbolic operators, Hamilton map and bicharacteristics (Q1766211): Difference between revisions

Let \(P(x, D)\) be a differential operator of order \(m\) on \(\Omega\), an open set in \(\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\), with a system of local coordinates \(x= (x_0,x_1,\dots, x_n)= (x_0, x')\), and \(p(x,\xi)\) be the principal sysmbol of \(P(x, D)\). Assume that \(p\) admits at most double characteristics. Let \(H_p\) be the Hamilton vector field of \(p\) and let \(\rho\in T^*\Omega\setminus\{0\}\) be a double characteristics of \(p\). Then \(dp(\rho)(X)= \sigma(X, H_p(\rho))\) for \(X\in T_\rho T^*(\Omega)\), where \(\sigma\) is the standard symplectic two form on \(T^*(\Omega)\). Denote by \(F_p(\rho)\) the fundamental matrix of \(p\) at \(\rho\). Assume that \(\Sigma\), the set of double characteristics of \(p\) is a smooth manifold near a double characteristic \(\rho_0\), and moreover assume \(\dim T_\rho\Sigma= \text{dim\,Ker\,}F_p(\rho)\) for \(\rho\in\Sigma\), \(\text{rank\,}\sigma|_{\Sigma}= \) constant for \(\rho\in\Sigma\) and \(\sigma(F_p(\rho))\subset i\mathbb{R}\), \(\text{Ker\,} F_p(\rho)^2\cap\text{Im\,}F_p(\rho)^2\neq \{0\}\), \(\rho\in\Sigma\). Then the assertion that there is \(S\in C^\infty(T\Omega)\) such that \(H^3_Sp(\rho)= 0\) \(\forall\rho\in\Sigma\), is equivalent to the assertion that there is no null bicharacteristic of \(p\) issing a simple characteristic having a limit point on \(\Sigma\).