Schauder estimates for parabolic nondivergence operators of Hörmander type (Q870101): Difference between revisions

In the very interesting paper under review the authors obtain Schauder estimates for solutions of parabolic nondivergence operators of Hörmander type. Precisely, let \(\{X_j\}_{j=1}^q\) be a system of real smooth vector fields in a bounded domain \(\Omega\subset \mathbb R^n\) which satisfies Hörmander's rank condition that the Lie algebra generated by the fields \(\{X_j\}_{j=1}^q\) with respect to the multiplication \([X,Y]=XY-YX\) has rank \(n\) at each point of \(\Omega.\) Consider a symmetric, uniformly positive definite matrix \(\{a_{ij}(t,x)\}_{i,j=1}^q\) of real functions over \(U\subset \mathbb R\times \Omega\) and define the operator \[ H=\partial_t - \sum_{i,j=1}^q a_{ij}(t,x)X_iX_j - \sum_{i}^q b_{i}(t,x)X_i-c(t,x). \] The authors derive local a~priori estimates of Schauder type in the parabolic Hölder spaces \(C^{k,\alpha}(U)\) defined by the fields \(X_j\) and the Carnot--Carathédory distance induced by them. Namely, suppose \(a_{ij},\;b_i,\;c\in C^{k,\alpha}(U)\) for some integer \(k\geq0\) and \(\alpha\in(0,1).\) Then, for each domain \(U'\Subset U\) there exists a constant \(C\) under control, such that \[ \| u\| _{C^{k+2,\alpha}(U')}\leq C\left(\| Hu\| _{C^{k,\alpha}(U)}+\| u\| _{L^{\infty}(U)}\right) \] for each \(u\in C^{k+2,\alpha}_{\text{loc}}(U)\) such that \(Hu\in {C^{k,\alpha}(U)}.\) The technique adopted relies mainly on \(C^\alpha\)-continuity of singular and fractional integrals over spaces of homogeneous type and could be considered also of independent interest.