Large and small subspaces of Hilbert space (Q2395561): Difference between revisions

This paper is concerned with the properties of closed subspaces \(V\) of the sequential Hilbert space \(l_2\) and of \(L_2(0,1)\). We shall suffice by quoting the following interesting results of this paper which speak for themselves. Theorem 1. Let \(V\) be a closed linear subspace of \(l_2\), and let \(\{\varrho_n\}\) be given with \(\varrho_n \geq 0\) and \(\sum \varrho_n^2 < \infty\). If \(|x(n)| = O(\varrho_n )\) for all \(x \in V\), then \(V\) is finite-dimensional. Theorem 3. If \(V\) is a closed subspace of \(l_2\) and \(V \subset I_p\) for some \(1\leq p<2\), then \(V\) is finite-dimensional. Theorem 4. If \(\varrho_n \geq 0\) and \(\sum \varrho_n^2 = \infty\), then there exists an infinite-dimensional subspace \(V\) of \(I_2\) such that \(\sum|x(n)| \varrho(n) = \infty\) for all \(x \neq 0\) in \(V\). In the case of \(L_2 (0,1)\) the situation is different. The authors quote the well-known result from the theory of Fourier series that there exists an infinite-dimensional closed subspace \(V\) of \(L_2 (0,1)\) such that \(V \subset L_q\) for all \(1 \leq q <\infty\) and in fact satisfies the condition that \(\int \exp\{c|f(x)|^2\}dx < \infty\) for all \(c > 0\) and all \(f \in V\). Then it is shown that if \(\varphi\) is convex, continuous and strictly increasing on \([0,\infty)\) with \(\varphi(0) = 0\) and \(\varphi(x)e^{-cx^2} \to \infty\) as \(x \to \infty\) for all \(c > 0\), then \(\int \varphi(|f|) < \infty\) for all \(f \in V\) implies that \(V\) is finite dimensional. Let \(V\) be a closed linear subspace of \(I_2\). Then there exist elements \(\lambda_n\) \((n=1,2,...)\) in \(V\) such that \((x,\lambda_n) = x(n)\) for all \(x \in V\) and dim \(V=\sum ||\lambda_n||^2\). This result is used to prove the following theorem. Theorem 9. Let \(\varphi(z) = \sum a_n z^n\) be an inner function. Then \(\sum n|a_n|^2 = \text{dim}(\varphi H_2)\bot\). Thus the Dirichlet integral of \(\varphi\) is finite (and is then an integral multiple of \(\pi\)) if and only if \(\varphi\) is a finite Blaschke product. The paper finishes with the following question: Does \(H_2\) contain an infinite dimensional closed subspace. \(V\) with \(|f(z)| = O(1/(1-|z|)^{1/4})\) \((|z| < 1)\).