Jacob's ladders and the almost exact asymptotic representation of the Hardy-Littlewood integral (Q650301): Difference between revisions

The ``Hardy-Littlewood integral'' in the title refers to the mean square of \(|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)|\), where as usual \(\zeta(s)\) is the Riemann zeta-function. The author asserts that \[ \begin{aligned} \int_0^T |\zeta(\tfrac{1}{2}+it)|^2\,dt &= F(\phi(T)) + O\left(\frac{\log T}{T}\right)\cr F(y) &= \frac{y}{2}\log\left(\frac{y}{2}\right) + (c-\log(2\pi))\frac{y}{2} +c_0,\end{aligned} \leqno(1) \] where \(c = -\Gamma'(1)\) is Euler's constant, and \(c_0\) is another constant. The function \(\phi(y)\) belongs to a class of smooth functions satisfying an integral equation connecting the left-hand side of (1) to a similar integral containing the exponential function (this is the ``Jacob's ladder'' from the title of the paper). The author does not explicitly evaluate \(\phi(y)\) in terms of elementary functions, which would be very interesting. The problem of the mean square of \(|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)|\) is a fundamental problem in the theory of the zeta-function (see e.g., the reviewer's monograph [Lectures on mean values of the Riemann zeta function. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1991; Zbl 0758.11036)] and his paper with \textit{M. N. Huxley} [Bull., Cl. Sci. Math. Acad. Serbe Nat., Sci. Math. 134, No. 32, 13--32 (2007; Zbl 1239.11090)]). It is known that \[ \int_0^T |\zeta(\tfrac{1}{2}+it)|^2\,dt = T\log\Bigl({T\over2\pi}\Bigr) + (2c-1)T + E(T), \] where \(E(T) = \Omega(T^{1/4})\) and (this is due to \textit{N. Watt} [``A note on the mean square of \(|\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it)|\)'', J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 82, No. 2, 279--294 (2010; Zbl 1253.11082)] \[ E(T) \ll_\varepsilon T^{131/416+\varepsilon}\; \qquad\Bigl({131\over416} = 0.314903\ldots\Bigr). \] Any new information on the order of \(E(T)\) would be of great interest.