Hardy spaces of the conjugate Beltrami equation (Q977493): Difference between revisions

The authors investigate the \(L^p\) boundary behavior of solutions of a second order elliptic equation in divergence form on a smooth simply connected domain \(\Omega\subset \mathbb R^2\). For a given function \(\sigma\in L^\infty(\Omega)\) with \(0<c\leq \sigma\leq C\) and belonging to \(W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)\), that is the distributional derivatives \(\partial \sigma \) and \(\bar\partial \sigma\) in \(L^\infty(\Omega)\), they study the solutions of \(\mathrm{div}(\sigma \nabla u)=0\) a.e. in \(\Omega\). Actually they use the complex elliptic equation, called the conjugate Beltrami equation, \(\bar\partial f= \eta \overline{\partial f}\) with data a real valued function \(\eta\in W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)\) such that \(\|\eta\|_{L^\infty}\leq k\) for some \(0<k<1\), whose solutions \(f=u+iv\) satisfy \(\mathrm{div}(\sigma \nabla u)=0\) and \(\mathrm{div}(\sigma^{-1} \nabla u)=0\) a.e. where \(\eta= (1-\sigma)/(1+\sigma)\). In their work, the authors consider several classes of solutions to these equations understood in the distributional sense. The most part of the work is done for \(\Omega=\mathbb D\) and consists in analysing the solutions of the Dirichet problem associated to the conjugate Beltrami equation with data in certain spaces (Sobolev, fractional Sobolev, \(L^p\),\dots). The solutions of the conjugate Beltrami equation with data \(\eta\in W_{\mathbb R}^{1,\infty}(\mathbb D)\) satisfying that the \(L^p\)-norm of their restictions to \(|z|=r\) is uniformly bounded are called the generalized Hardy spaces \(H^p_\eta(\mathbb D)\), because the case \(\eta=0\) leads to the classical Hardy space \(H^p(\mathbb D)\) viewed as a real vector space. It is shown that, as in the classical case, there exist non-tangential limits a.e. in \(\mathbb T\). They show the solvability in Sobolev spaces, meaning that for any real valued \(\eta\in W^{1,\infty}(\Omega)\) with \(\|\eta\|_{L^\infty}\leq k\) for some \(0<k<1\) and any data \(\phi\in W_\mathbb R^{1-1/p,p}(\mathbb T)\) there exists \(f\in W^{1,p}(\mathbb D)\) solving \(\bar\partial f= \eta \overline{\partial f}\) a.e. in \(\mathbb D\) such that \(\Re(\mathrm{tr} f)=\phi\) with the corresponding norm estimate. It is also proved that \(H^p_\eta\) contains all \(W^{1,p}(\mathbb D)\)-solutions. Several properties of \(H^p_\eta(\mathbb D)\) are analyzed, mainly concentrated in density properties of their traces. They derive on the way an analog of the Fatou theorem for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems associated to the equation \(\mathrm{div}(\sigma \nabla u)=0\) with \(L^p\)-boundary data.