Galois extensions ramified only at one prime (Q999719): Difference between revisions

The paper gives conditions for a finite group to be realized as Galois group over a function field \(\mathbb F_q(t)\) and over \(\mathbb Q\) ramified at only one prime. In the function field case let \(X\) be a smooth connected projective curve over field \(k\) of positive characteristic and let \(S\) be a finite set of closed points in \(X\). For \(U= X- S\) the author defines \(\pi^t_A(U)\) to be the set of finite groups that can occur as Galois groups unramified outside \(S\) and at most tamely ramified in \(S\). For a finite field \(\mathbb F_ q\) it is proved that apart from some exceptional cases symmetric groups and dihedral groups cannot lie in \(\pi^t_A(\mathbb P^1_{\mathbb F_q}- (f)\), where \(f\) is an irreducible polynomial in \(\mathbb F_q(t)\). As for the arithmetic case let \(\pi_A(U_p)\) be the set of finite groups that can be realized as Galois group for an extension of \(\mathbb Q\) only ramified at the prime \(p\). Generalizing results by \textit{N. Yui} and the reviewer [J. Number Theory 15, 347--375 (1982; Zbl 0496.12004)] the author proves that there are no non-Abelian dihedral groups in \(\pi_A(U_p)\) if \(p\) is a regular prime \(\equiv 1\pmod 4\) for which the class number of \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{p})\) is \(1\). Among other results in the arithmetic case the following could be mentioned. Let \(2\leq p< 23\) be a prime and \(G\in\pi_rA(U_p)\) with \(G\) non-Abelian. Then \(p\) divides \(|G|\) and if\( \)G is simple, then \(G\) is a quasi-\(p\)-group, i.e. \(G\) is generalized by elements of order a power of \(p\). In the non-solvable case it is shown using the Odlyzko discriminant bound that none of the groups \(A_5\), \(S_5\) and \(\text{SL}(3, 2)\) lie in \(\pi_A(U_p)\) for primes \(p\), \(2\leq p< 23\).