Map for simultaneous measurements for a quantum logic (Q1421599): Difference between revisions

In an orthomodular lattice (OML for short) \(L\) the author introduces the concepts of \(s\)-map (a function modeling simultaneous measurements of quantum events) and of conditional state. A map \(p:L \times L\to[0,1]\) is called \(s\)-map iff (1) \(p(1,1)=1\), (2) \(a\perp b\) implies \(p(a,b)=0\) and \(p(a\vee b,c)=p(a,c)+ p(b,c)\), \(p(c,a\vee b)=p (c,a)+p(c,b)\) for any \(a,b,c\in L\). Thus, \(x\to p(x,x)\) defines a state on \(L\) (Prop. 2.1). A conditional state \(f\) is defined to be a map \(L\times L_C\to[0,1]\) where among other requirements \(x\to F(x,a)\) must be a state, and \(L_C\) a conditional system (i.e., a subset of \(L\setminus \{0\})\) closed under \(\vee\), and such that \(a^\perp\wedge b\in L_C\) whenever \(a,b\in L_C\) with \(a<b)\). Chosen a conditional state \(f\) and some \(c\in L_C\) she defines that \(b\in L\) is independent of \(a\in L\) with respect to the state \(x\to f(x,c)\) iff \(f(b,a)=f(b,c)\), which generalizes the usual definition of independency \((P(A\mid B)= P(A\mid\Omega)\) for probability spaces \(\Omega)\). Her main result (Prop. 2.2) is that any \(s\)-map \(p\) determines a conditional state \(f_p\) on the conditional system \(L_C=\{b\in L\mid p(b,b)\neq 0\}\) such that \(p(a,b)=f_p(a,b) f_p(b,1)\). Conversely if \(f\) is a conditional state on \(L_C=L\setminus \{0\}\) then there exists an \(s\)-map \(p_f\) defined by \(p_f(a,b)= f(a,b)f(b,1)\) if \(b\neq 0\) and \(f(b,1)\neq 0\), and by \(p_f(a,b)=0\) else. The following characterization is given (Prop. 2.3): The situation that \(b\) is independent of \(a\) with respect to a conditional state \(f\) and \(c=1\) is equivalent to \(p_f(b,a)= p_f(a,a)p(b,b)\). Using this equation an example is constructed where independency is not a symmetric relation. Finally, some remarks on the notion of conditional expectation are given.