Classical symmetric functions in superspace (Q2504998): Difference between revisions

Symmetric functions in superspace are treated and the superspace extension of the classical bases, namely, the elementary symmetric functions, the completely symmetric functions, and the power sums, are presented. The authors remark the symmetric superpolynomials are completely different from the ``supersymmetric polynomials'', which are symmetric polynomials in two distinct variables [cf. \textit{J. R. Stembridge}, J. Algebra 95, 439--444 (1985; Zbl 0573.17004)]. On a superspace with the coordinates \((x_1,\dots, x_N,\theta_1,\dots, \theta_N)\), a function \(f(x_1,\dots, x_N,\theta_1,\dots, \theta_N)\) is said to be symmetric, if it is invariant under the simultaneous interchanges \(x_i\leftrightarrow x_j\) and \(\theta_i\leftrightarrow\theta_j\). Then it is shown seting \[ e_n= \sum_{J:\sharp J=n} x_{j_1}\cdots x_{j_r},\quad\overline e_n= \sum_{i\geq 1}\,\sum_{J:\sharp J= n,i\not\in J}\theta_i x_{j_1}\cdots x_{j_r}, \] \(J= \{j_1,\dots, j_r\}\), \(1\leq j_1\leq\cdots\leq j_r\), and \(e_0= 1\), \(\overline e_0= \sum_i\theta_i\), the algebra of symmetric superpolynomials over \(\mathbb{Z}\) is generated by \(e_1,\dots, e_n\), \(\overline e_2,\dots,\overline e_n\). That is we have \[ \mathbb{Z}[x_1,\dots, x_n,\theta_1,\dots, \theta_N]^{S_N}= \mathbb{Z}[e_1,\dots, e_N,\overline e_1,\dots,\overline e_N], \] (\S3, Theorems 3.21 and 3.13). The \(n\)th bosonic and fermionic completely symmetric functions \[ h_n= \sum_{\lambda\vdash n}m_\lambda,\quad \overline h_n= \sum_{\Lambda\vdash(n|1)} (\Lambda_1+ 1) m_\Lambda, \] where \(\Lambda\lvdash(n|m)\) means \(\Lambda= (j_1,\dots, j_m; j_{m+1},\dots, j_N)\), \(j_i> j_{m+1}\geq 0\), \(i= 1,\dots, m-1\), \(j_i\geq j_{i+1}\geq 0\), \(i= 1,\dots, N-1\) and \(\sum^N_{i=1} j_i= n\), \(n= (n|0)\), and \(n\)th bosonic and fermionic power sums \[ p_n= \sum^\infty_{i=1} x^n_i= m_{(n)},\quad\overline p_n= \sum^\infty_{i=1} \theta_i x^n_i= m_{(n;0)}, \] are introduced in \S3.2 and \S3.3. Completely symmetric functions are \(\mathbb{Z}\)-basis for the algebra of symmetric superpolynomials, while power sums give \(\mathbb{Q}\)-basis. Their generating functions are \[ E(t,\tau)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} t^n(e_n+ \tau\overline e_n)= \prod^\infty_{i=1} (1+ tx_i+ \tau\theta_i), \] \[ H(t,\tau)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} t^n(h_n+\tau\overline h_n)= \prod^\infty_{i=1} {1\over 1-tx_i- \tau\theta_i}, \] \[ P(t,\tau)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} t^n(p_n+ (n+1)\tau\overline p_n)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} {tx_i+ \tau\theta_i\over 1-tx_i- \tau\theta_i}. \] Expressions of elementary symmetric functions and power functions by using determinats of matrices whose components are completely symmetric functions and elementary functions are also described (Propositions 25 and 28). The correspondence \[ \widehat\omega: e_n\to h,\quad\overline e_n\to\overline h_n \] is an involution (Theorem 23) and by the inner product defined using power functions, it is shown this involution is an isometry (Theorem 32). Before showing these results, fundamental properties of symmetric functions in superspace are explained in \S2. In conclusion (\S4), the authors emphasize that the next problem should be the superspace generalization of the Schur function and for this purpose, the study of the Jack superpolynomials might be useful [cf. \textit{P. Desrosiers}, \textit{L. Lapointe} and \textit{P. Mathieu}, Commun. Math. Phys. 242, No. 1--2, 331--360 (2003; Zbl 1078.81033)].