Polynomial identities for orbit numbers of general linear and unitary groups over finite fields (Q677146): Difference between revisions

Let \(n\in N\) and \(P(n)\) be the set of all partitions of the number \(n\). Denote an element \(c=1^{c_1}\cdot 2^{c_2}\cdots n^{c_n}\) of \(P(n)\) by the sequence \((c_1,c_2,\dots,c_n)\in N_0^n\) with \(\sum_{i=1,2,\dots,n} c_i\cdot i=n\). For \(n\in N\) and \(\varepsilon\in\{0,1,-1\}\) consider the polynomial \(F_{n,\varepsilon}(X)=\sum_{c_k\in P(n)}\prod_{k=1,2,\dots,n, c_k>0} X^{c_k-1}(X-\varepsilon)\). Then \(F_{n,1}(q)\) is equal to the number of conjugacy classes in \(\text{GL}_n(q)\) over a finite field with \(q\) elements, \(F_{n,-1}(q)\) is equal to the number of conjugacy classes in \(U_n(q^2)\), and \(F_{n,0}(q)\) gives the number of \(\text{GL}_n(q)\) orbits of matrices in \(\text{Mat}_n(F_q)\) along with the number of adjoint \(U_n(q^2)\)-orbits on its Lie algebra \(U_n(q^2)=\{m\in\text{Mat}_n(F_{q^2}):m=(-m^{tr})^{(q)}\}\), where \(m^{tr}\) denotes the transpose of \(m\) and \(m^{(q)}\) the matrix obtained from \(m\) by raising each entry to the \(q\)th power. By \(CL_{n,\varepsilon}(q)\) we shall mean the number of orbits of matrices in the various afore-mentioned cases. \textit{G. E. Wall} [J. Aust. Math. Soc. 3, 1-62 (1963; Zbl 0122.28102) and Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 22, 339-364 (1980; Zbl 0438.20031)]\ or \textit{I. G. Macdonald} [Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 23, 23-48 (1981; Zbl 0445.20029)]\ have established the formula \(CL_{n,\varepsilon}(q)=F_{n,\varepsilon}(q)\) for these conjugacy classes. The author of the paper under review establishes this formula for Lie algebras. He also obtains partitions and multipartitions of \(n\).