A note on minimal displacement and retraction problems (Q1353575): Difference between revisions

Let \((X,|\cdot|)\) be an infinitely dimensional Banach space with the unit ball \(B\) and the unit sphere \(S\). Since the works of Kakutani and Klee it is known that the Brouwer's fixed point theorem does not hold in this setting. It means that there are continuous mappings \(T:B\to B\) such that \(Tx\neq x\) for all \(x\in B\). Equivalently, it means also that \(S\) is a retract of \(B\) thus there exists a continuous mapping (retraction) \(R:B\to S\) such that \(Rx= x\) for all \(x\in S\). Much stronger results concerning the failure of Brouwers theorem for infinitely dimensional balls have been obtained by Nowak, Benyamini and Sternfeld, and Sternfeld and Lin. Construction 1. Take a Lipschitzian mapping \(T:B\to B\) such that \(|x-Tx|\geq d>{1\over 2}\) for all \(x\in B\). Obviously \(K(T)>\psi_x^{-1}\left({1\over 2}\right)> 2\) because the function \(\psi_x\) is strictly increasing thus invertible. Consider the mapping \(A:B\to X\) defined by \(Ax= x-(1-|x|)Tx\). Construction 2. Let as before \(T:B\to B\) be a Lipschitzian mapping such that \(|x-Tx|\geq d>0\) for all \(x\in B\). Let as modify the definition of \(A:B\to X\) by putting \(Ax= x-(1-|x|^2)Tx\).