An algorithm for de Rham cohomology groups of the complement of an affine variety via \(D\)-module computation (Q1295789): Difference between revisions

Let \(\mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n]\) be the polynomial ring in \(n\) variables \(X_1,\dots,X_n\) over the rationals \(\mathbb Q\), let \(f,f_1,\dots,f_d\in \mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n]\) non-zero polynomials with \(f=f_1\cdots f_d\) and let \(a_1,\dots,a_d\in\mathbb Q\) be given rational numbers. Let \(\mathbb C\) denote the complex numbers and let \(\mathcal{U}:=\mathbb C^n\setminus \{f=0\}\), and consider \(\mathcal{U}\) as a \(2n\)-dimensional real \(C^\infty\)-manifold. Let \(\mathbb C_\mathcal{U}\) be the constant sheaf on \(\mathcal{U}\) with stalk \(\mathbb C\) and let \(\mathcal{V}\) be the locally constant sheaf of rank 1 defined by the multidimensional function \(f_1^{a_1}\cdots f_d^{a_d}\) on \(\mathcal{U}\). The paper describes an algorithm which computes for any non-negative integer \(k\) the abstract structure of the cohomology groups \(H^k(\mathcal{U},\mathbb C_\mathcal{U})\) and \(H^k(\mathcal{U},\mathcal{V})\). This abstract structure is expressed by means of generators and relations (algorithms 1.2 and 2.3). Moreover, for \(X\) a non-singular closed algebraic subvariety of \(\mathbb C^n\) given by generators of its vanishing ideal and for \(Y:=\{f_1=0,\dots,f_d=0\}\), the paper contains a procedure which computes the cohomology group \(H^k(X\setminus Y,\mathbb C_X)\) if all local cohomology groups of \(Y\) in \(X\) vanish except possibly one of them (theorem 7.6). The algorithm is based on rewriting techniques in the free Weyl algebra \(A_n:=\mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n,\partial_1,\dots,\partial_n]\). A technical problem appears since the localized \(\mathbb Q\)-algebra \(\mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n,\frac{1}{f}]\) is typically not anymore a finite \(\mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n]\)-module. This problem is circumvented by representing \(\mathbb Q[X_1,\dots,X_n,\frac{1}{f}]\) as a finite \(A_n\)-module. This requires to compute generators for the corresponding annihilator ideal \(I\) of \(A_n\) which can be done by the calculation of the Bernstein operator \(L\) and the Bernstein polynomial \(b(s)\) associated to \(f\) and by determining the minimal integer roots of \(b(s)\) (procedure 1.4). Then the cohomology groups of \(A_n/\partial_1A_1+\cdots+\partial_nA_n\otimes_{A_n}^L A_n/I\) are determined. These cohomology groups tensored by \(\mathbb C\) yield the cohomology groups \(H^k(\mathcal{U},\mathbb C_\mathcal{U})\) (this is a consequence of the Grothendieck-Deligne comparison theorem, namely theorem 5.1 of the paper which is applied in combination with theorem 6.1). The computation of the cohomology groups \(H^k(\mathcal{U},\mathcal{V})\) follows a similar way.