Cosubnormality and the hypercenter (Q1841841): Difference between revisions

Let \(G\) be a group and let \(A,B\) be subgroups of \(G\). According to \textit{H. Wielandt} [Arch. Math. 35, 1-7 (1980; Zbl 0413.20020)], \(A\) is called cosubnormal with \(B\) (written \(A cs B\)) if \(A\) and \(B\) are subnormal subgroups of \(\langle A,B\rangle\); the cosubnormal graph \(cs G\) is the graph whose vertex set is the set of all subgroups of \(G\), and two subgroups \(A,B\) are joined by an edge if and only if they are cosubnormal. In this paper, some basic properties of the cosubnormality graph of a finite group \(G\) and also some interesting \(G\)-invariant subgraphs are studied. \textit{H. Wielandt} [Math. Z. 138, 199-204 (1974; Zbl 0275.20041)] showed that \(A\) is subnormal in \(G\) if and only if \(A cs A^g\) for every \(g\in G\). The author gives another sufficient criterion for subnormality (Theorem 1.2): If \(G\) is a finite group and \(U sc F^*(G)\) then \(E(U)\) is normal in \(F^*(G)\), in particular \(E(U)\) is subnormal in \(G\) (\(E(U)\) is the product of the components of \(U\), \(F^*(G)=F(G)E(G)\)). Further he investigates cosubnormality with Sylow subgroups. In particular, the following Theorem 2.6 is proved: If \(G\) is a finite group and \(U\leq G\) then the following are equivalent: (a) \(U sc S\) for all Sylow subgroups \(S\) of \(G\), (b) \(U sc V\) for all \(V\leq G\), (c) \(U\leq Z_\infty(G)\). For studying the subgroup lattices of finite groups using the concept of cosubnormality, the notion of strong cosubnormality is introduced: subgroups \(A\) and \(B\) of \(G\) are called strongly cosubnormal (written \(A scs B\)) if every subgroup of \(A\) is cosubnormal with every subgroup of \(B\). Accordingly, the strong cosubnormal graph \(scs G\) of \(G\), which is an \(\Aut(G)\)-invariant subgraph of \(cs G\), is defined. It turns out that strong cosubnormality is related to the notion of the hypercenter (Theorem 3.3): If \(A,B\) are subgroups of a finite group \(G\) then \(A scs B\Leftrightarrow[A,B]\leq Z_\infty(\langle A,B\rangle)\). Finally, the author remarks that it is useful to find the ``minimal'' pairs of subgroups which are not strongly cosubnormal with each other (especially for nilpotent subgroups).