The spectrum of the Schrödinger operator and the distribution of primes (Q1077452): Difference between revisions

Denote by \(\lambda_ k\) the eigenvalues (with multiplicity \(\Gamma_ k)\) of the Schrödinger operator \(A=-\Delta /2+V\), acting on an n- dimensional manifold M, and denote the counting function of these eigenvalues by \(N(x)=\#\{n; \lambda_ n\leq x\}\). The zeta-function is defined by \[ \zeta_ A(s)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}\Gamma_ k\cdot \lambda_ k^{-s}=\int^{\infty}_{0}x^{-s} d\quad N(x). \] Known analytic properties of this zeta-function [\textit{S. Minakshisundaram} and \textit{A. Pleijel}, Can. J. Math. 1, 242-256 (1949; Zbl 0041.427)], see also \textit{H. P. McKean} jun. and \textit{I. M. Singer}, J. Differ. Geom. 1, 43-69 (1967; Zbl 0198.443)] lead via Ikehara's Tauberian theorem to \[ N(x)\sim c_{-n}\cdot x^{n/2}/\Gamma (n/2+1),\quad x\to \infty, \] in case M is compact. [Reviewer's remark: In formula (2.17) uniformity of the limit-relation over any finite interval of the line \(Re(s)=1\) has to be assumed. Since \(\zeta_ A(ns/2)\) is free of singularities on \(Re(s)=1\) except \(s=1\), this condition can be fulfilled.] For \(M={\mathbb{R}}^ n\) non-compact the Karamata Tauberian theorem is applied to prove \[ N(x)\sim x^{\alpha +n/2}\cdot L(x)\cdot c_{\alpha,n} \] with certain constants \(\alpha\), c, and a slowly oscillating function L(x). For example, if \(V(x)=\exp (x^ 2_ 1+...+x^ 2_ n)^{1/2},\) then \[ N(x)\sim \frac{\Omega_ n}{(2\pi)^{n/2}}\cdot \frac{x^{n/2}\cdot (\log x)^ n}{n\cdot \quad \Gamma (n/2+1)}. \] If \(M={\mathbb{R}}^ 1\) and \(V(x)= x^ 2\cdot \log^ 2(x/\sqrt{2})\), then N(x)\(\sim x/\log x\).