Numerical study of a billiard in a gravitational field (Q1085641): Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 17:56, 17 June 2024
scientific article
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English | Numerical study of a billiard in a gravitational field |
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Numerical study of a billiard in a gravitational field (English)
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1986
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Billiards have always been used as models for mechanical systems. In this paper we describe a very simple billiard which, over a range of one continuous parameter only, exhibits the characteristics of Hamiltonian systems having two degrees of freedom and a discontinuity. The relationship between this billiard and the well-known one-dimensional self-gravitating system (with \(N=3)\) is given. This billiard consists of a mass point moving in a symmetric wedge of angle \(2\theta\) under the influence of a constant gravitational field. For \(\theta <45\circ\) KAM and chaotic regions coexist in the phase space. A specific family of curves, related to collisions at the wedge vertex, limits the expansion of near-integrable regions. For \(\theta =45\circ\), the motion is strictly integrable. Finally, for \(\theta >45\circ\), complete chaos is obtained, suggesting K-system behavior. The general properties of the mapping and some numerical results obtained are discussed. Of special interest are invariant curves which cross a line of discontinuity, and a new ''universality'' class for Lyapunov numbers.
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Billiards
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Hamiltonian systems
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two degrees of freedom
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discontinuity
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one-dimensional self-gravitating system
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symmetric wedge
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chaotic regions
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phase space
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wedge vertex
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expansion
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near-integrable regions
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K-system behavior
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Lyapunov numbers
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