On the existence of the unilateral unit in Banach algebras (Q2368616): Difference between revisions

Let \(A\) be a complex Banach algebra. The condition that for \(a \in A\) there is a bounded sequence \((b_{n})\) such that \(\lim_{n}ab_{n} = a\) is denoted by \(P_{a}\). The authors show that \(A\) verifies \(P_{a}\) if and only if the ideal \(aA\) is \(A\) itself. The so-called \`\` property of factorisation of bounded sequences\'\'\ is that for any bounded sequence \((c_{n})\) in \(A\) there exists an \(a \in A\) and a bounded sequence \((b_{n})\) such that \(c_{n} = a b_{n}\) for all \(n\). They show that if \(A\) is separable then this property is equivalent to the existence of an \(a \in A\) such that \(aA = A\) (so also equivalent to \(P_{a}\)). Noting that \(aA = A\) does not imply the existence of a unit element the authors try for conditions involving unit elements when the ideal \(aA\) is everywhere dense in \(A\). In one set of conditions the authors use the spectrum when \(A\) has a unit element \(\sigma(a) =\{ \lambda \in \mathbb{C}: a - \lambda I\) not invertible\(\}\) and otherwise the spectrum is defined by adjoining a unit element to \(A\). They show that if \(0\) is an isolated point of \(\sigma(a)\) then \(P_{a}\) holds if and only if both \(A\) has a left unit and \(aA\) is everywhere dense in \(A\). The other set of conditions is that if \(A\) has the above factorisation property and both \(aA\) and \(Aa\) are everywhere dense then \(A\) is unital if and only if \(x\) is in the closure of \(Ax\) for all \(x \in A\).