Smooth universal Taylor series (Q2494363): Difference between revisions

The authors consider a simply connected domain \(\Omega\) in the complex plane \({\mathbf C}\) with \(\{\infty\} \cup ({\mathbf C} \setminus \overline{\Omega})\) connected, as well as the space \(A^\infty (\Omega )\) of holomorphic functions \(f:\Omega \to {\mathbf C}\) that are smooth at the boundary, that is, such that every derivative \(f^{(n)}\) \((n \geq 0)\) extends continuously to \(\overline{\Omega}\). Then \(A^\infty (\Omega )\) is a Fréchet space if its topology is defined by the seminorms \(\sup_{z \in \Gamma} | f^{(n)} (z)| \) (\(n \geq 0\);\ \(\Gamma \subset \overline{\Omega}\) compact). By \(X^\infty (\Omega )\) it is denoted the closure of the polynomials in \(A^\infty (\Omega )\). Let \(Y\) be a topological space for which there exists an increasing sequence of compact subsets \(Y_i \subset Y\) \((i=1,2,...)\) such that every compact set \(J \subset Y\) is contained in some \(Y_i\). The space \(C(Y \times ({\mathbf C} \setminus \overline{\Omega}))\) of complex continuous functions on \(Y \times ({\mathbf C} \setminus \overline{\Omega})\) is endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on compacta. If \(f \in A^\infty (\Omega )\), \(\zeta \in \overline{\Omega}\), \(n \in \{0,1,2,...\}\) and \(z \in {\mathbf C}\), then \(S(n,f,\zeta )(z)\) denotes the \(n\)th partial Taylor sum \(S(n,f,\zeta )(z) = \sum_{j=0}^n {f^{(j)}(0) \over j!} (z - \zeta )^j\). Finally, by \((T_n)\) it is denoted a sequence of continuous maps \(X^\infty (\Omega ) \to Y \times ({\mathbf C} \setminus \overline{\Omega})\). \vskip .1cm By definition, a function \(f \in X^\infty (\Omega )\) belongs to the class \(A_3(\Omega ,(T_n))\) (other classes are considered) if, for every compact set \(K \subset {\mathbf C}\) with \(K \cap \overline{\Omega} = \emptyset\) and \(K^0\) connected and every function \(g:K \to {\mathbf C}\) continuous on \(K\) and holomorphic in \(K^0\), there exists a sequence \((\lambda_n) \subset \{0,1,2,...\}\) such that: \hfil\break (i) For any pair of compact sets \(\Gamma , \, \Delta \subset \overline{\Omega}\) and every \(l \in \{0,1,2,...\}\) we have \[ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sup_{\zeta \in \Gamma} \sup_{z \in \Delta} | (S(\lambda_n,f,\zeta )^{(l)}(z) - f^{(l)}(z)| = 0 \quad \text{and} \] (ii) For every compact set \(J \subset Y\) we have \[ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sup_{x \in J} \sup_{z \in K} | (T_{\lambda_n} f)(x,z) - g(z)| = 0. \] \vskip .1cm The main result in this paper is the following: Let \(\Omega, \, Y, \, (T_n)\) be as above. Assume that, for every polynomial \(P\) and every compact set \(K \subset {\mathbf C}\) with \(K \cap \overline{\Omega} = \emptyset\) and \(K^0\) connected, there exists a sequence \(\{n_1 < n_2 < \cdots \} \subset \{0,1,2,...\}\) such that, for every compact set \(J \subset Y\), we have \[ \lim_{j \to \infty} \sup_{x \in J} \sup_{z \in K} | (T_{n_j} P)(x,z) - P(z)| = 0. \] Then the class \(A_3(\Omega ,(T_n))\) is residual in \(X^\infty (\Omega )\), so nonempty. \vskip .1cm When \((T_n)\) is chosen to be the sequence of partial Taylor sums, or the sequence of actions of an adequate infinite matrix on the partial Taylor sums, or the sequence of Cesàro means of the partial Taylor sums, then improvements of earlier results (due to Luh, Chui, Parnes, Grosse-Erdmann, Melas and Nestoridis, among others) are obtained.