BGG correspondence and Römer's theorem on an exterior algebra (Q854983): Difference between revisions

Using the correspondence of \textit{I. N. Bernstein, I. M. Gel'fand} and \textit{S. I. Gel'fand} [Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 12, No.~3, 66--67 (1978; Zbl 0402.14005)] the author gives a simpler and more conceptual proof of a result of \textit{T. Römer} [Osaka J. Math. 38, No.~2, 469--485 (2001; Zbl 0995.13008)] which, combined with results of \textit{A. Aramova} and \textit{J. Herzog} [Am. J. Math. 122, No.~4, 689--719 (2000; Zbl 1012.13008)], implies the result of \textit{D. Bayer, H. Charalambous} and \textit{S. Popescu} [J. Algebra 221, No.~2, 497--512 (1999; Zbl 0946.13008)] on extremal Betti numbers of Stanley-Reisner rings. Let \(K[x_1,\dots ,x_n]\) be a polynomial ring over a field \(K\) and \(\text{gr}S\) the category of finitely generated graded \(S\)-modules. If \(M\in \text{gr}S\), and if \(P_M\) is the polynomial for which \({\Sigma}_{i\leq t}\text{dim}_KM_i = P_M(t)\) if \(t>>0\) then the Krull dimension \(\text{dim}_SM\) equals the degree \(d\) of \(P_M\) and the multiplicity \(\text{e}(M)=d!\times \)the leading coefficient of \(P_M\). If \(M^{\bullet}\) is a bounded complex in \(\text{gr}S\), the author puts \(\text{d}_i(M^{\bullet}):=\text{dim}_S(\text{H}^i(M^{\bullet}))\), \(\text{e}_i(M^{\bullet}):=\text{e}(\text{H}^i(M^{\bullet}))\) and says that \((d,i)\in {\mathbb N}\times {\mathbb Z}\) is a \textit{distinguished pair} for \(M^{\bullet}\) if \(\text{d}_i(M^{\bullet})=d\) and \(\text{d}_j(M^{\bullet})< d+i-j\), \(\forall j<i\). Then, using local duality, he shows that if \((d,i)\) is a distinguished pair for a bounded complex \(L^{\bullet}\) in \(\text{gr}S\) consisting of free \(S\)-modules then \((d,-d-i)\) is a distinguished pair for \(\text{D}_S(L^{\bullet}):=\text{Hom}_S^{\bullet}(L^{\bullet},S(-n)[n])\) and in this case \(\text{e}_i(L^{\bullet})=\text{e}_{-d-i}(\text{D}_S(L^{\bullet}))\). Let \(E=K\langle y_1,\dots ,y_n\rangle \) be the exterior algebra and \(\text{gr}E\) the category of finitely generated graded \(E\)-modules (both left and right, with \(ex=(-1)^{(\text{deg}e)(\text{deg}x)}xe\)). The (first part of the) BGG correspondence says that the functor \(\text{gr}E\rightarrow \text{C}^b(\text{gr}S)\) associating to \(N\in \text{gr}E\) the complex whose \(p\)th term is \(S(p){\otimes}_KN_p\) and with differential \(d={\Sigma}(x_i\cdot -)\otimes (-\cdot y_i)\) extends to and equivalence of derived categories \(\text{F} : \text{D}^b(\text{gr}E)\rightarrow \text{D}^b(\text{gr}S)\). If \(N, N^{\prime}\in \text{gr}E\), one can naturally endow \(\text{Hom}_K(N,N^{\prime})\) with a structure of graded \(E\)-module such that \(\text{F}(\text{Hom}_K(N,N^{\prime}))= \text{Hom}_S^{\bullet}(\text{F}(N),\text{F}(N^{\prime}))\). In particular, let \(\text{D}_E(N):=\text{Hom}_K(N,K(n))\). Since \(\text{F}(K(n))=S(-n)[n]\), it follows that \(\text{F}(\text{D}_E(N))=\text{D}_S(\text{F}(N))\). Now, as \(\text{H}^i(\text{F}(N))_j\simeq \text{Ext}_E^{j+i}(K,N)_{-j}\) (because the Ext is isomorphic to \(\text{Hom}_{\text{D}^b(\text{gr}E)}(K,N(-j)[j+i])\) and F is an equivalence), Römer's result follows by applying to \(\text{F}(N)\) the above mentioned result of the author. The author also remarks that if \((d,i)\) is a distinguished pair for \(\text{F}(N)\) then \(d>0\). He proves, in fact, more general results, considering bounded complexes in \(\text{gr}E\) instead of a single module, and also considering the \({\mathbb Z}^n\)-graded case.