Galois emdedding of algebraic variety and its applications to abelian surface (Q2462250): Difference between revisions

In the paper under review, the author considers a nonsingular projective algebraic variety \(V\), over the field \(\mathbb C\) of complex numbers, of dimension \(n\) with a very ample divisor \(D\) and denotes this by a pair \((V,D)\). Let \(f=f_D: V \hookrightarrow \mathbb P^N\) be the embedding of \(V\) associated with the complete linear system \(|D|\), where \(N+1\) \(=\) dim \(H^0(V,\mathcal O(D))\). Suppose that \(W\) is a linear subvariety in \(\mathbb P^N\) satisfying dim \(W =N-n-1\) and \(W \cap f(V)=\emptyset\). Consider the projection \(\pi_W\) with the center \(W\), \(\pi_W: \mathbb P^N \dasharrow W_0\), where \(W_0\) is an \(n\)-dimensional linear subvariety not meeting \(W\). The composition \(\pi=\pi_W \circ f\) is a surjective morphism from \(V\) to \(W_0 \cong \mathbb P^n\). Let \(K=\mathbb C(V)\) and \(K_0=\mathbb C(W_0)\) be the function fields of \(V\) and \(W_0\), respectively. The covering map \(\pi\) induces a finite extension of fields \(\pi^*: K_0 \hookrightarrow K\) of degree \(d\) \(=\) deg \(f(V)\) \(=\) \(D^n\), which is the self-intersection number of \(D\). The structure of this extension does not depend on the choice of \(W_0\) but only on \(W\), hence we denote by \(K_W\) the Galois closure of this extension and by \(G_W=\text{Gal}(K_W/K_0)\) the Galois group of \(K_W/K_0\). We call \(G_W\) the Galois group at \(W\). If the extension \(K/K_0\) is Galois, we call \(f\) and \(W\) a Galois embedding and a Galois subspace for the embedding, respectively. \(V\) is said to have a Galois embedding if \(f\) is a Galois embedding. In this case the pair \((V,D)\) is said to define a Galois embedding. The idea introduced above is a generalization of the ones used in previous studies, by the same author, for hypersurfaces and space curves [e.g. J. Algebra 264, No. 2, 520--534 (2003; Zbl 1048.14025)]. In the first part of the present paper, the author gives a criterion for an embedding to be Galois or not and shows the existence of several representations of the Galois group when \((V,D)\) defines a Galois embedding. In the second part, the author studies the structure of abelian surfaces and their Galois groups when the surface has a Galois embedding. In this case, a complete list of all the possible groups is given and a proof that the abelian surface is isogenous to the square of an elliptic curve is presented.