The Klein-Gordon equation in the anti-de Sitter cosmology (Q651325): Difference between revisions

This paper is devoted to the Klein-Gordon equation on the Poincaré chart of the 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter universe. The anti-de Sitter space in \((4+1)\) dimensions of constant curvature \(-k<0\) can be represented as the hyperquadratic \[ AdS^5=\biggl\{X: X\in\mathbb{R}^6, \;X_0^2+X_5^2-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{4}X_i^2=\frac{1}{k^2}\biggr\}, \] embedded in the \((4+2)\)-dimensional flat space \(\mathbb{R}^6\) with metric \[ ds^2=dX_0^2+dX_5^2-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{4}X_i^2 . \] This metric is a maximally symmetric solution without singularity of the Einstein equations in vacuum, with a negative cosmological constant. Moreover, this solution is unique for the given topology, according to the Birkhoff theorem. The gravitational waves are solutions of the linearized Einstein equations, which are simply reduced to the d'Alembertian in \(AdS^5\) \[ \square_gu=0, \;\;\;\;\square_g\equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{|g|}}\frac{\partial }{\partial x^{\mu }} \biggl( \sqrt{|g|} \;g^{\mu\nu } \biggr)\frac{\partial }{\partial x^{\nu }}. \] More generally, the author considers the Klein-Gordon equation \[ \square_gu+\lambda k^2u=0, \;\;\;\;\lambda\in\mathbb{R}. \] If the mass \(\mu \) is larger than \(-1/4\), then the Cauchy problem is well-posed despite the loss of global hyperbolicity due to the time-like horizon. It turns out that the finite energy solution can be expressed in the form of a continuous Kaluza-Klein tower. Thus he deduces a uniform decay as \(|t|^{-3/2}\). The case \(\mu =(\nu^2-1)/2\), \(\nu\in \mathbb{N}^{\ast }\), is investigated in detail. The propagation of the wave front set is studied, and as a result it turns out that the horizon acts like a perfect mirror. It is shown that the smooth solution decay exists. In cosmology, the Minkowski space-time \(\mathbb{R}_t\times \mathbb{R}_{\mathbf x}^{3}\) is considered as a brane that is the boundary \(\mathbb{R}_t\times \mathbb{R}_{\mathbf x}^{3}\times \{z=1\}\) of a part \(\mathcal{B}\) of \(AdS^5\) called the bulk. The case of the Minkowski brane with a negative tension is considered under Robin boundary conditions. An important conclusion is that the hyperbolic mixed problem is well-posed and the normalizable solutions can be expanded into a discrete Kaluza-Klein tower. Some \(L^2\setminus L^{\infty }\) estimates in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces are established.