Quasi-valuations extending a valuation (Q2376700): Difference between revisions

A quasi-valuation on a ring \(R\) is a function \(w: R\to M\cup\{\infty\}\), where \(M\) is a totally ordered abelian monoid and \(\forall m\in M\), \(m<\infty\), such that \(w(0)=\infty\), \(\forall(x, y)\in R\times R\), \(w(xy)\geq w(x)+ w(y)\,\&\, w(x+ y)\geq\min(w(x), w(y))\). Any valuation is a quasi-valuation, and one can define a quasi-valuation on \(\mathbb{Z}\) by setting \(w(0)=\infty\) and \(\forall z\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}\), \(w(z)=-1\). The infimum of a finite family of quasi-valuations on a ring, with range in the same monoid, is a quasi-valuation, and if \(F\) is the fraction field of a unique factorization domain \(R\) and \(n\in R\), for every \(x\in F\setminus\{0\}\) there exists a unique 3-tuple \((e,a,b)\in\mathbb{Z}\times R\times R\) such that \(x= n^e{a\over b}\), where \((a, b)= (n,b)= 1\) and \(n\) doesn't divide \(a\); set \(w(x)= e\) (and \(w(0)=\infty\)), then \(w\) is a quasi-valuation. First, the author reviews some basic properties of quasi-valuations, then he focuses on the case where \(F\) is a field with a valuation \(v\), \(E\) is a finite field extension of \(F\), \(n= [E: F]\), and \(w\) is a quasi-valuation on \(E\) which restriction to \(F\) is equal to \(v\). We can quote some of the properties that he proves. The monoid \(w(E)\setminus\{0\}\) contains at most \(n\) cosets modulo \(v(F)\setminus\{0\}\), \([O_w/I_w: O_v/I_v]\leq n\) (where \(O_w= \{x\in E\mid w(x)\geq 0\}\), \(I_w= \{x\in E\mid w(x)> 0\}\), \(O_v= F\cap O_w\), \(I_v= F\cap I_w\)), the Krull dimension K-\(\dim(O_w)\) is equal to K-\(\dim(O_v)\). Furthermore, there exists a valuation \(u\) on \(E\) such that \(O_w\subseteq O_u\), \(I_w\subseteq I_u\), and then: \(\forall x\in E\), \(u(x)\geq w(x)\) (in some totally ordered monoid). For every \(P_0\subseteq P_1\) in \(\text{Spec}(O_v)\) and \(Q_1\in\text{Spec}(O_w)\) such that \(Q_1\cap O_v= P_1\), there exists \(Q_0\) in \(\text{Spec}(O_w)\) such that \(Q_0\subseteq Q_1\) and \(Q_0\cap O_v= P_0\). Now, if for every \(P_0\subseteq P_1\) in \(\text{Spec}(O_v)\) and \(Q_0\in\text{Spec}(O_w)\) such that \(Q_0\cap O_v= P_0\), there exists \(Q_1\) in \(\text{Spec}(O_w)\) such that \(Q_0\subseteq Q_1\) and \(Q_1\cap O_v= P_1\) (this holds if \(w(E)\setminus\{0\}\) is torsion over \(v(F)\setminus\{0\}\)), then for every \(Q\) in \(\text{Spec}(O_w)\): K-\(\dim(O_w)=\) K-\(\dim(O_v)+ \text{height}(Q)\) (height formula). Furthermore, if \(w(E)\setminus\{0\}\) is torsion over \(v(F)\setminus\{0\}\), then \(O_w\) contains at most \(n\) maximal ideals, every maximal ideal of \(O_w\) contains \(I_w\), K-\(\dim(O_v)\leq|\text{Spec}(O_w)|\leq[E: F]_{\text{sep}}\cdot\text{K-}\dim(O_v)\), and \(\sqrt{I_w}\) is equal to the Jacobson radical of \(O_w\). The quasi-valuation \(w\) is said to be exponential if for every \(d\in\mathbb{N}\) and every \(x\in E\), \(w(x^d)= d\cdot w(x)\); if \(w(E)\setminus\{0\}\) is torsion over \(v(F)\backslash\{0\}\), this is equivalent to saying that \(w\) is the infimum of a finite family of valuations extending \(v\), this is also equivalent to: \(O_w\) is integrally closed. For every subring \(R\) of \(E\) such that \(R\cap F= O_v\), the author constructs a quasi-valuation \(w'\) extending \(v\) such that \(R= O_{w'}\), which is called the filter quasi-valuation induced by \((R,v)\), and he proves some properties of filter quasi-valuations.