Embeddability of homeomorphisms of the circle in set-valued iteration groups (Q499238): Difference between revisions

Fix a homeomorphism \(F:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\) with no periodic points. Then there is a unique continuous map \(\Phi:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\) with \(\Phi(1)=1\) such that \(\Phi F(z)=e^{2\pi i\rho}\Phi(z)\), for each \(z\in\mathbb S^1\), where \(\rho\) is the rotation number of \(F\). Set \(F^t(z)=\Phi^{-1}(e^{2\pi it\rho}\Phi(z))\) for \(t\in\mathbb R\) and \(z\in\mathbb S^1\). It is noted that \(F(z)\in F^1(z)\) and that this group is an iteration group in the sense that \(F^t\circ F^s(z)=F^{s+t}(z)\), where \(F^t\circ F^s(z)=\bigcup_{y\in F^s(z)}F^t(y)\). Properties of this set-valued iteration group are studied, including a characterisation of when a set-valued iteration group must be this group. Setting \(L_F\) to be the derived set of \(\{F^n(z)\;/\;z\in\mathbb S^1, n\in\mathbb Z\}\) and \(T=\{t\in\mathbb R\;/\;\Phi(\mathbb S^1\setminus L_F)=e^{2\pi it\rho}\Phi(\mathbb S^1\setminus L_F)\}\), it is shown that \(T\) is a subgroup and there are infinitely many \(T\)-iteration groups \(\{f^t:\mathbb S^1\to\mathbb S^1\;/\;t\in T\}\) with \(f^1=F\) and \(f^t(z)\in F^t(z)\) for each \(t\in T\) and \(z\in\mathbb S^1\).