A question of Kühnau (Q1733789): Difference between revisions

The author answers negatively the question of Kühnau: Does there exist in the case of a ``long'' rectangle the corresponding holomorphic quadratic differential? \par Quasiconformal maps $w(z)$ with the Beltrami coefficient $\mu_w(z)=\overline{\partial}w/\partial w$ are extremal if they minimize the dilatation $k(w)=\|\mu\|_{\infty}$. Consider the class of univalent functions $F^{\mu}(z)=z+b_0+b_1z^{-1}+\dots$ on $\mathbb D^*=\{z\in\hat{\mathbb C}=\mathbb C\cup\{\infty\}:|z|>1\}$ with quasiconformal extension to $\hat{\mathbb C}$. Their Beltrami coefficients range over the ball \[ \text{Bel}(\mathbb D)_1=\big\{\mu\in L_{\infty}(\mathbb C):\mu(z)|_{\mathbb D^*}=0,\|\mu\|_{\infty}<1\big\}, \] $\mathbb D=\{z\in\mathbb C:|z|<1\}$. Define in this ball the equivalence classes $[\mu]$ and $[F^{\mu}]$, letting $\mu_1,\mu_2$ be equivalent if the corresponding maps $F^{\mu_1}$ and $F^{\mu_2}$ coincide on $S^1=\partial\mathbb D$. Let $F_0:=F^{\mu_0}$ be an extremal representative of the class $[F_0]$ with dilatation \[ k(F_0)=\|\mu_0\|_{\infty}=\inf\big\{k(F^{\mu}):F^{\mu}|_{S^1}=F_0|_{S^1}\big\} \] and assume that there exists in this class a quasiconformal map $w_1$ whose Beltrami coefficient $\mu_1$ satisfies $\text{ess}\sup_{V_r}|\mu_1(z)|<k(F_0)$ in some annulus $V_r=\{r<|z|<1\}$, $r>0$. The point of the universal Teichmüller space $\mathbf{T}$ corresponding to $[F_0]$ is the Strebel point. Define the boundary dilatation $b_x(w)=k(w)$ of the maps $w$ taking the Beltrami coefficients supported in neighborhoods of boundary points $x\in S^1$. The points $x$ for which $b_x(w)=k(w)$ are substantial for $w$ and for its equivalence class. The author proves the following two theorems. \par Theorem 1. Every bounded convex quadrilateral $P_4$ has a non-Strebel representation in $\mathbf{T}$ (hence, its outer conformal map ${\mathbb D^*}\to P_4^*=\hat{\mathbb C}\setminus(P_4\cup\partial P_4)$ does not admit an extremal extension of Teichmüller type). \par Theorem 2. There exists a common substantial point $z_0\in S^1$ at which the extremal quasiconformal dilatation $k(F^*)$ of any rectangle is attained. \par Here $F^*$ is an extremal quasiconformal extension of the conformal map from $D^*$ onto the exterior $P^*$ of the closure of a rectangle $P$.