Hamiltonian unknottedness of certain monotone Lagrangian tori in \(S^2\times S^2\) (Q2420117): Difference between revisions

The paper under review is concerned with the classification of embeddings of Lagrangian $2$-tori in $S^2\times S^2$ with standard split symplectic form $\omega_{\mathrm{std}}$. By [\textit{G. Dimitroglou Rizell} et al., Geom. Funct. Anal. 26, No. 5, 1297--1358 (2016; Zbl 1358.53089)] a Lagrangian embedding of a $2$-torus into $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$ is unique up to Lagrangian isotopy. If one restricts to Hamiltonian isotopy of \textit{monotone} Lagrangian $2$-tori the situation becomes more interesting. (Recall, that a Lagrangian $2$-torus $L$ in $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$ is monotone if its Maslov class is a positive multiple of its symplectic area class on $\pi_2(S^2\times S^2,L)$.) The unknotted $2$-torus, given by the product of the two equators in $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$, is a monotone Lagrangian $2$-torus, called \textit{standard Lagrangian torus} $L_{\mathrm{std}}$. Motivated by \textit{Yu. V. Chekanov}'s work [Math. Z. 223, No. 4, 547--559 (1996; Zbl 0877.58024)], several different authors were able to construct a monotone Lagrangian $2$-torus not Hamiltonian isotopic to $L_{\mathrm{std}}$. More recently, \textit{R. Vianna} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 23, No. 3, 1955--1996 (2017; Zbl 1377.53101)] constructed infinitely many pairwise Hamiltonian non-isotopic monotone Lagrangian $2$-tori in $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$. The main result of the paper under review gives a condition on a monotone Lagrangian $2$-torus in $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$ to ensure that it is Hamiltonian isotopic to $L_{\mathrm{std}}$. To state the result more precisely, it is first noticed that any monotone Lagrangian $2$-torus $L$ in $(S^2\times S^2,\omega_{\mathrm{std}})$ is \textit{fibered}, i.e., there exists a foliation $\mathcal F$ of $S^2\times S^2$ by symplectic $2$-spheres homologous to $[\{\mathrm{pt}\}\times S^2]$ and a symplectic submanifold $\Sigma$ homologous to $[S^2\times \{\mathrm{pt}\}]$ and disjoint from $L$ such that the leaves of $\mathcal F$ are transverse to $\Sigma$ and intersect $L$ in circles (or the empty set). Then the main result of the paper under review says that if there exists a second symplectic submanifold $\Sigma'$ homologous to $[S^2\times\{\mathrm{pt}\}]$, disjoint from $L$ and $\Sigma$, and transverse to the leaves of $\mathcal F$ then $L$ is Hamiltonian isotopic to the standard unknotted Lagrangian $2$-torus $L_{\mathrm{std}}$. In particular, it is possible to characterize $L_{\mathrm{std}}$ among Vianna's infinitely many monotone Lagrangian $2$-tori via the existence of $\Sigma'$. The result is proven via a very careful and detailed analysis of symplectic foliations and their holonomies.