On certain sums of arithmetic functions involving the GCD and LCM of two positive integers (Q2038384): Difference between revisions

In this interesting and well-written paper, the authors deals with the general sums \[\sum_{d \mid n} f \left( (d, n/d) \right) \quad \textrm{and} \quad \sum_{d \mid n} f \left( \left[ d, n/d \right] \right)\] where \((a,b)\) and \([a,b]\) are respectively the \(\gcd\) and the \(\text{lcm}\) of \(a\) and \(b\), and \(f : \mathbb{Z}_{\geqslant 1} \to \mathbb{C}\) is any arithmetic function. For instance, one of the highlights of this work is the representation \[\sum_{d \mid n} \tau \left( (d, n/d) \right) = \tau(1,1,2;n)\] allowing the authors to substantially improve the previous estimate given by the first author in [J. Integer Seq. 23, No. 9, Article 20.9.8, 6 p. (2020; Zbl 1446.11182)] for the average order \[\sum_{n \leqslant x} \left( \sum_{d \mid n} \tau \left( (d, n/d) \right) \right) = \sum_{mn \le x} \tau \left( (m,n) \right) .\] In particular, the recent theory of double exponential sum, especially developed by \textit{H. Liu} [Acta Arith. 129, No. 3, 203--247 (2007; Zbl 1136.11053)], enables them to derive the very precise asymptotic formula \[\sum_{mn \le x} \tau \left( (m,n) \right) = x \zeta(2) \left( \log x + 2 \gamma - 1 + 2 \frac{\zeta^{\, \prime}}{\zeta} (2) \right) + \zeta \left( \tfrac{1}{2} \right)^2 \sqrt{x} + O_\varepsilon \left( x^{63/178 + \varepsilon} \right) \] with \(\frac{63}{178} \doteq 0.3539\dotsc\), this error term being probably very difficult to improve. A lot of other notable results are also proved, such as for instance \[\sum_{mn \le x} \tau \left( \left[ m,n \right] \right) = x P_3(\log x) + O_\varepsilon (x^{1/2+\varepsilon})\] where \(P_3(X)\) is a polynomial of degree \(3\) and leading coefficient \(\pi^{-2} \prod_p \left(1 - \frac{1}{(p+1)^2} \right) \doteq 0.0786 \dotsc\)