Lyapunov functions and asymptotics at infinity of solutions of equations that are close to Hamiltonian equations (Q2231176): Difference between revisions

The author considers perturbed Hamiltonian systems of second order: \[ \frac{dx}{dt} = \partial_y H(x,y,t)\ ,\ \frac{dy}{dt} = - \partial_x H(x,y,t) + F(x,y,t), \] displaying the asymptotic properties for \(t\rightarrow\infty\) \[ H(x,y) = H_0(x,y) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty t^{-k/q}H_k(x,y), \; F(x,y,t)=\sum_{k=1}^\infty t^{-k/q}F_k(x,y)\ ,\ q\in \mathbb{N}, \] and having \((0,0)\) as center-type fixed point. The asymptotic properties are studied by considering a Lyapunov function of the form \[ V(x,y,t)=2H(x,y,t) + \sum_{k=1}^p t^{-k/q}v_k(x,y) ,\] where the \(v_k\)'s are subject to \[ (\partial_y H_0)\partial_x v_k - (\partial_x H_0)\partial_y v_k = G_k(x,y) .\] The right hand side of the above equation is defined in terms of the \(v_k\)'s as follows: \[ G_1(x,y) = - (2F_1)\partial_y H_0,\] \[ G_2(x,y) = - (2F_2)\partial_y H_0 - \partial_y v_1 F_1 - [(\partial_y H_1)\partial_x v_1 - (\partial_x H_1)\partial_y v_1], \] etc. If for some \(p\in \mathbb{N}\) the system is solved with \(v_k= O(x^2+y^2)\) and \[ G_p(x,y)=-\gamma(x^2+y^2) + O((x^2+y^2)^{3/2}), \] the Lyapunov function is constructed. Several examples are considered, e.g., the 4-th Painlevé equation, auto-resonance systems, etc.