Local transversely product singularities (Q2077162): Difference between revisions

Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a holomorphic foliation of dimension \(k\geq{2}\) on a complex manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n\geq{k+1}\), and \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) its singular set. \(\mathcal{F}\) is said to be a transverse product at a point \(p\) in \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\), if there is a germ of submersion \(\varphi:(M,p)\to(\mathbb{C}^{n-k+1},0)\) and a germ at \(0\in\mathbb{C}^{n-k+1}\) of a foliation by curves \(\mathcal{G}\) with \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{G})=\{0\}\) such that the germ of \(\mathcal{F}\) at \(p\) is \(\varphi^{\ast}(\mathcal{G})\). In particular, the germ at \(p\) of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) is \(\varphi^{-1}(0)\). If \(\Gamma\) is an irreducible component of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) and \(\mathcal{F}\) is a transverse product at all the points of \(\Gamma\) one says that \(\Gamma\) is a locally transverse product component of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\). In this case \(\Gamma\) is smooth and of dimension \(k-1\). Let \(T\) be a germ at \(p\in\Gamma\) of a manifold of dimension \(n-k+1\) transverse to \(\Gamma\), the restricted foliation \(\mathcal{F}_{\mid T}\) is a foliation by curves \(\mathcal{G}\) on \(\mathbb{C}^{n-k+1}\) defined by a germ at \(0\) holomorphically equivalent to the same vector field \(X\) (independently of \(p\)), and it is called the normal type of \(\mathcal{F}\) along \(\Gamma\). The work under review studies foliations \(\mathcal{F}\) of codimension one (\(k=n-1\)) on a complex projective space \(M=\mathbb{CP}(n)\), with \(n\geq{3}\), in presence of a codimension-two \(\Gamma\subset \mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) which is a locally transverse product component of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\). The main result is Theorem 1.9, where it is proved that the normal type of such a \(\mathcal{F}\) along \(\Gamma\) can be represented by a germ at \(0\) in \(\mathbb{C}^{2}\) of a vector field \(X\) with linear part \(DX(0)\) at \(0\) whose trace is different from zero, and then \(\Gamma\) is a Kupka component of \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{F})\) (around \(p\in \Gamma\) there is a neighbourhood \(U\) such that \(\mathcal{F}\) on \(U\) is generated by a 1-form \(\omega\) verifying \(\omega(p)=0\) and \(d\omega(p)\neq 0\)). To prove this result the author constructs an irreducible separatrix \(\Sigma\) of dimension \(n-1\) along \(\Gamma\) when the normal type of \(\mathcal{F}\) is not defined by the radial vector field, and studies a normal bundle defined on it. Foliations \(\mathcal{F}\) of codimension-one on \(\mathbb{CP}(n)\), \(n\geq 3\), with a Kupka component \(\Gamma\) were chararacterized by \textit{O. Calvo-Andrade} in [Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat., Nova Sér. 30, No. 2, 183--197 (1999; Zbl 1058.32023); Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 47, No. 4, 1071--1083 (2016; Zbl 1384.37058)] and \textit{M. Brunella} in [Enseign. Math. (2) 55, No. 3--4, 227--234 (2009; Zbl 1198.32015)] as those ones where \(\Gamma\) is a complete intersection \(\{F=G=0\}\) and \(\mathcal{F}\) is defined by the level sets \(\{F^p / G^q=c\}\) that satisfy \(pG dF- qF dG=0\), for \(F\) and \(G\) homogeneous polynomials in \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) and \(p,q\) positive integers. Then Theorem 1.9 is a generalization of the results that we have mentioned above. The paper also proves interesting consequences of the main result and motivates some problems and examples for the case of foliations of codimension at least 2 on \(\mathbb{CP}(n)\) with a Kupka component.